lodash 4.17.21: CommonJS dependencies require both ssr.noExternal and ssr.optimizeDeps to load named ESM imports under Vite SSR; externalizing fails with SyntaxError while noExternal alone silently produces undefined exports.

# Notes: Vite SSR CommonJS Loading (`ssr.noExternal` vs `optimizeDeps`)

## `search_known_solution` Result
- **Result**: `MISS`
- The initial query for Vite SSR CommonJS loading (`ssr.noExternal` and `optimizeDeps`) returned no existing matches (only unrelated fallback entries for Python `tomllib` and `orjson`).

## What a Model Would Have Written Instead
- Most models recommend adding `optimizeDeps: { include: ['lodash'] }` at the root configuration or `ssr: { noExternal: ['lodash'] }` alone, believing either directive enables named ESM imports (`import { debounce } from 'lodash'`) under Vite SSR.

## How the Wrong Version Fails
- **Root `optimizeDeps: { include: ['lodash'] }` (or `ssr.optimizeDeps` without `ssr.noExternal`)**: Fails **loudly** during SSR module execution with `SyntaxError: [vite] Named export 'debounce' not found. The requested module 'lodash' is a CommonJS module, which may not support all module.exports as named exports.`
- **`ssr: { noExternal: ['lodash'] }` alone without `ssr.optimizeDeps`**: Bypasses externalization but fails **silently** at runtime by leaving all named CommonJS exports as `undefined` (`typeof debounce === 'undefined'`) instead of synthesizing exports.
- **Working Solution**: Both `ssr.noExternal: ['lodash']` (to prevent Node externalization) AND `ssr.optimizeDeps: { include: ['lodash'] }` (to run esbuild CJS-to-ESM pre-bundling) are required for named imports to resolve to executable functions.

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import lodash from 'lodash';

export const isLodashAvailable = typeof lodash === 'function' && typeof lodash.debounce === 'function';
export default lodash;

import { debounce } from 'lodash';

export const isDebounceFunction = typeof debounce === 'function';
export { debounce };

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        "@types/node": {
          "optional": true
        },
        "jiti": {
          "optional": true
        },
        "less": {
          "optional": true
        },
        "lightningcss": {
          "optional": true
        },
        "sass": {
          "optional": true
        },
        "sass-embedded": {
          "optional": true
        },
        "stylus": {
          "optional": true
        },
        "sugarss": {
          "optional": true
        },
        "terser": {
          "optional": true
        },
        "tsx": {
          "optional": true
        },
        "yaml": {
          "optional": true
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

{
  "name": "cand-vite-ssr-noexternal",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "node test/contract.mjs"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "lodash": "4.17.21",
    "vite": "6.2.0"
  },
  "license": "MIT-0"
}

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
import path from 'node:path';
import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
import { createServer } from 'vite';

const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
const root = path.resolve(__dirname, '..');
const namedEntry = '/fixtures/named-import.js';
const defaultEntry = '/fixtures/default-import.js';

// 1. Default Vite SSR externalizes CommonJS dependencies, failing named ESM imports with SyntaxError
{
  const server = await createServer({
    root,
    server: { middlewareMode: true },
    appType: 'custom',
    configFile: false,
    logLevel: 'silent',
  });

  let error = null;
  try {
    await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
  } catch (err) {
    error = err;
  } finally {
    await server.close();
  }

  assert.ok(error, 'Default SSR must reject named imports from externalized CommonJS dependencies');
  assert.equal(error.name, 'SyntaxError');
  assert.match(
    error.message,
    /Named export 'debounce' not found.*CommonJS module/s,
    'Vite SSR error must specifically state that the CommonJS module lacks static named exports'
  );
}

// 2. Client-side optimizeDeps does NOT affect SSR externalization (still throws SyntaxError)
{
  const server = await createServer({
    root,
    server: { middlewareMode: true },
    appType: 'custom',
    configFile: false,
    logLevel: 'silent',
    optimizeDeps: {
      include: ['lodash'],
    },
  });

  let error = null;
  try {
    await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
  } catch (err) {
    error = err;
  } finally {
    await server.close();
  }

  assert.ok(error, 'Client optimizeDeps alone must not resolve SSR externalization');
  assert.equal(error.name, 'SyntaxError');
  assert.match(error.message, /Named export 'debounce' not found/s);
}

// 3. ssr.optimizeDeps without ssr.noExternal still externalizes the package in Node SSR
{
  const server = await createServer({
    root,
    server: { middlewareMode: true },
    appType: 'custom',
    configFile: false,
    logLevel: 'silent',
    ssr: {
      optimizeDeps: {
        include: ['lodash'],
      },
    },
  });

  let error = null;
  try {
    await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
  } catch (err) {
    error = err;
  } finally {
    await server.close();
  }

  assert.ok(error, 'ssr.optimizeDeps without ssr.noExternal still fails for external CJS package');
  assert.equal(error.name, 'SyntaxError');
  assert.match(error.message, /Named export 'debounce' not found/s);
}

// 4. ssr.noExternal alone prevents SyntaxError but leaves named imports undefined without ssr.optimizeDeps
{
  const server = await createServer({
    root,
    server: { middlewareMode: true },
    appType: 'custom',
    configFile: false,
    logLevel: 'silent',
    ssr: {
      noExternal: ['lodash'],
    },
  });

  let mod = null;
  try {
    mod = await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
  } finally {
    await server.close();
  }

  assert.ok(mod, 'Module loads without SyntaxError when ssr.noExternal is set');
  assert.equal(mod.isDebounceFunction, false, 'Without ssr.optimizeDeps, named export is undefined');
  assert.equal(typeof mod.debounce, 'undefined', 'Named export debounce evaluates to undefined');
}

// 5. ssr.noExternal + ssr.optimizeDeps enables full CJS-to-ESM transformation with callable named exports
{
  const server = await createServer({
    root,
    server: { middlewareMode: true },
    appType: 'custom',
    configFile: false,
    logLevel: 'silent',
    ssr: {
      noExternal: ['lodash'],
      optimizeDeps: {
        include: ['lodash'],
      },
    },
  });

  let namedMod = null;
  let defaultMod = null;
  try {
    namedMod = await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
    defaultMod = await server.ssrLoadModule(defaultEntry);
  } finally {
    await server.close();
  }

  assert.equal(namedMod.isDebounceFunction, true, 'Named import must be resolved as a function');
  assert.equal(typeof namedMod.debounce, 'function', 'Named export debounce must be callable');
  assert.equal(defaultMod.isLodashAvailable, true, 'Default import must also be available');
}

// 6. RegExp pattern in ssr.noExternal with ssr.optimizeDeps also resolves named exports
{
  const server = await createServer({
    root,
    server: { middlewareMode: true },
    appType: 'custom',
    configFile: false,
    logLevel: 'silent',
    ssr: {
      noExternal: [/^lodash/],
      optimizeDeps: {
        include: ['lodash'],
      },
    },
  });

  let mod = null;
  try {
    mod = await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
  } finally {
    await server.close();
  }

  assert.equal(mod.isDebounceFunction, true);
  assert.equal(typeof mod.debounce, 'function');
}

console.log('Contract tests passed successfully.');