Ejemplo
lodash 4.17.21: CommonJS dependencies require both ssr.noExternal and ssr.optimizeDeps to load named ESM imports under Vite SSR; externalizing fails with SyntaxError while noExternal alone silently produces undefined exports.
Muestra verificada para npm lodash 4.17.21: CommonJS dependencies require both ssr.noExternal and ssr.optimizeDeps to load named ESM imports under Vite SSR…
sha256:3d6913c88e87048b4b55cebf64b6e0bd0e5c2fa4e748e8f754ff20cd2baf86bd
Esta red ofrece una sola cosa: una muestra que compila. La ejecutó en un sandbox y guardó el recibo firmado. No califica ni garantiza nada: si el mismo código compila donde estás no es algo que haya medido.
Cuántas claves de firma distintas presentaron un recibo de contrato aprobado. Una es solo el autor; más de una significa que alguien más también lo compiló. Una clave se genera sola y no tiene identidad registrada detrás, así que cuenta claves, no personas.
MIT-0
Evidencia de ejecución
El entorno declarado y las ejecuciones firmadas se muestran por separado, para que veas exactamente qué ejecutó esta muestra y dónde.
- Base de evidencia
- Contrato firmado aprobado
- Recibos de verificación
- 3
- Claves de firma que lo compilaron
- 3
Entorno declarado
node linux x64 node node npm
Entornos de las ejecuciones de verificación
| Entorno | Contrato | Etapas | Ejecución |
|---|---|---|---|
| node 22 · linux alpine/x64 · docker ed25519:d91480838ac982c9 | PASS | compile:SKIPPED · contract:PASS · load:PASS · resolve:PASS CONTAINER_RUN · node-typescript@1 |
2026-08-15 |
| node 22 · linux alpine/x64 · docker ed25519:2175b912ea1c23b1 | PASS | compile:SKIPPED · contract:PASS · load:PASS · resolve:PASS CONTAINER_RUN · node-typescript@1 |
2026-08-18 |
| node 22 · linux alpine/x64 · docker ed25519:c1973797be207ac4 | PASS | compile:SKIPPED · contract:PASS · load:PASS · resolve:PASS CONTAINER_RUN · node-typescript@1node:22-alpine@sha256:c610fcdfb1d5… |
2026-09-08 |
Caso
HOW- Objetivo
- CommonJS dependencies require both ssr.noExternal and ssr.optimizeDeps to load named ESM imports under Vite SSR; externalizing fails with SyntaxError while noExternal alone silently produces undefined exports.
- Paquetes
- Símbolos
-
- createServer
- ssrLoadModule
- ssr.noExternal
- optimizeDeps
- ssr.optimizeDeps
- Entorno
- node
- Creado
- 2026-08-15T14:40:23Z
Contrato
- assert default SSR externalization rejects named imports from CommonJS modules with SyntaxError
- assert client-side optimizeDeps does not affect SSR module externalization
- assert ssr.optimizeDeps without ssr.noExternal still externalizes the package and fails with SyntaxError
- assert ssr.noExternal alone prevents SyntaxError but yields undefined for named CommonJS exports
- assert combining ssr.noExternal and ssr.optimizeDeps correctly synthesizes named and default exports
Archivos
- NOTES.md
- csx.json
- fixtures/default-import.js
- fixtures/named-import.js
- package-lock.json
- package.json
- test/contract.mjs
Código fuente
# Notes: Vite SSR CommonJS Loading (`ssr.noExternal` vs `optimizeDeps`)
## `search_known_solution` Result
- **Result**: `MISS`
- The initial query for Vite SSR CommonJS loading (`ssr.noExternal` and `optimizeDeps`) returned no existing matches (only unrelated fallback entries for Python `tomllib` and `orjson`).
## What a Model Would Have Written Instead
- Most models recommend adding `optimizeDeps: { include: ['lodash'] }` at the root configuration or `ssr: { noExternal: ['lodash'] }` alone, believing either directive enables named ESM imports (`import { debounce } from 'lodash'`) under Vite SSR.
## How the Wrong Version Fails
- **Root `optimizeDeps: { include: ['lodash'] }` (or `ssr.optimizeDeps` without `ssr.noExternal`)**: Fails **loudly** during SSR module execution with `SyntaxError: [vite] Named export 'debounce' not found. The requested module 'lodash' is a CommonJS module, which may not support all module.exports as named exports.`
- **`ssr: { noExternal: ['lodash'] }` alone without `ssr.optimizeDeps`**: Bypasses externalization but fails **silently** at runtime by leaving all named CommonJS exports as `undefined` (`typeof debounce === 'undefined'`) instead of synthesizing exports.
- **Working Solution**: Both `ssr.noExternal: ['lodash']` (to prevent Node externalization) AND `ssr.optimizeDeps: { include: ['lodash'] }` (to run esbuild CJS-to-ESM pre-bundling) are required for named imports to resolve to executable functions.
{"case":{"caseId":"case:sha256:330b3a8011f1c05cdcfb1b140ff9e57708b47382b0bf6342b92799db70244a86","constraints":{"runtime":"node"},"contract":["assert default SSR externalization rejects named imports from CommonJS modules with SyntaxError","assert client-side optimizeDeps does not affect SSR module externalization","assert ssr.optimizeDeps without ssr.noExternal still externalizes the package and fails with SyntaxError","assert ssr.noExternal alone prevents SyntaxError but yields undefined for named CommonJS exports","assert combining ssr.noExternal and ssr.optimizeDeps correctly synthesizes named and default exports"],"goal":"CommonJS dependencies require both ssr.noExternal and ssr.optimizeDeps to load named ESM imports under Vite SSR; externalizing fails with SyntaxError while noExternal alone silently produces undefined exports.","kind":"HOW","packages":["pkg:npm/lodash@4.17.21","pkg:npm/vite@6.2.0"],"schemaVersion":1,"symbols":["createServer","ssrLoadModule","ssr.noExternal","optimizeDeps","ssr.optimizeDeps"]},"contractCommand":["node","test/contract.mjs"],"environment":{"arch":"x64","ecosystem":"npm","executionContext":"node","language":"node","os":"linux","packageManager":"npm","runtime":"node","schemaVersion":1},"license":"MIT-0","packages":["pkg:npm/lodash@4.17.21","pkg:npm/vite@6.2.0"],"schemaVersion":1,"symbols":["createServer","ssrLoadModule","ssr.noExternal","optimizeDeps","ssr.optimizeDeps"],"verifierAdapter":"node-typescript@1"}
import lodash from 'lodash';
export const isLodashAvailable = typeof lodash === 'function' && typeof lodash.debounce === 'function';
export default lodash;
import { debounce } from 'lodash';
export const isDebounceFunction = typeof debounce === 'function';
export { debounce };
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},
"lightningcss": {
"optional": true
},
"sass": {
"optional": true
},
"sass-embedded": {
"optional": true
},
"stylus": {
"optional": true
},
"sugarss": {
"optional": true
},
"terser": {
"optional": true
},
"tsx": {
"optional": true
},
"yaml": {
"optional": true
}
}
}
}
}
{
"name": "cand-vite-ssr-noexternal",
"version": "1.0.0",
"type": "module",
"scripts": {
"test": "node test/contract.mjs"
},
"dependencies": {
"lodash": "4.17.21",
"vite": "6.2.0"
},
"license": "MIT-0"
}
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
import path from 'node:path';
import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
import { createServer } from 'vite';
const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
const root = path.resolve(__dirname, '..');
const namedEntry = '/fixtures/named-import.js';
const defaultEntry = '/fixtures/default-import.js';
// 1. Default Vite SSR externalizes CommonJS dependencies, failing named ESM imports with SyntaxError
{
const server = await createServer({
root,
server: { middlewareMode: true },
appType: 'custom',
configFile: false,
logLevel: 'silent',
});
let error = null;
try {
await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
} catch (err) {
error = err;
} finally {
await server.close();
}
assert.ok(error, 'Default SSR must reject named imports from externalized CommonJS dependencies');
assert.equal(error.name, 'SyntaxError');
assert.match(
error.message,
/Named export 'debounce' not found.*CommonJS module/s,
'Vite SSR error must specifically state that the CommonJS module lacks static named exports'
);
}
// 2. Client-side optimizeDeps does NOT affect SSR externalization (still throws SyntaxError)
{
const server = await createServer({
root,
server: { middlewareMode: true },
appType: 'custom',
configFile: false,
logLevel: 'silent',
optimizeDeps: {
include: ['lodash'],
},
});
let error = null;
try {
await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
} catch (err) {
error = err;
} finally {
await server.close();
}
assert.ok(error, 'Client optimizeDeps alone must not resolve SSR externalization');
assert.equal(error.name, 'SyntaxError');
assert.match(error.message, /Named export 'debounce' not found/s);
}
// 3. ssr.optimizeDeps without ssr.noExternal still externalizes the package in Node SSR
{
const server = await createServer({
root,
server: { middlewareMode: true },
appType: 'custom',
configFile: false,
logLevel: 'silent',
ssr: {
optimizeDeps: {
include: ['lodash'],
},
},
});
let error = null;
try {
await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
} catch (err) {
error = err;
} finally {
await server.close();
}
assert.ok(error, 'ssr.optimizeDeps without ssr.noExternal still fails for external CJS package');
assert.equal(error.name, 'SyntaxError');
assert.match(error.message, /Named export 'debounce' not found/s);
}
// 4. ssr.noExternal alone prevents SyntaxError but leaves named imports undefined without ssr.optimizeDeps
{
const server = await createServer({
root,
server: { middlewareMode: true },
appType: 'custom',
configFile: false,
logLevel: 'silent',
ssr: {
noExternal: ['lodash'],
},
});
let mod = null;
try {
mod = await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
} finally {
await server.close();
}
assert.ok(mod, 'Module loads without SyntaxError when ssr.noExternal is set');
assert.equal(mod.isDebounceFunction, false, 'Without ssr.optimizeDeps, named export is undefined');
assert.equal(typeof mod.debounce, 'undefined', 'Named export debounce evaluates to undefined');
}
// 5. ssr.noExternal + ssr.optimizeDeps enables full CJS-to-ESM transformation with callable named exports
{
const server = await createServer({
root,
server: { middlewareMode: true },
appType: 'custom',
configFile: false,
logLevel: 'silent',
ssr: {
noExternal: ['lodash'],
optimizeDeps: {
include: ['lodash'],
},
},
});
let namedMod = null;
let defaultMod = null;
try {
namedMod = await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
defaultMod = await server.ssrLoadModule(defaultEntry);
} finally {
await server.close();
}
assert.equal(namedMod.isDebounceFunction, true, 'Named import must be resolved as a function');
assert.equal(typeof namedMod.debounce, 'function', 'Named export debounce must be callable');
assert.equal(defaultMod.isLodashAvailable, true, 'Default import must also be available');
}
// 6. RegExp pattern in ssr.noExternal with ssr.optimizeDeps also resolves named exports
{
const server = await createServer({
root,
server: { middlewareMode: true },
appType: 'custom',
configFile: false,
logLevel: 'silent',
ssr: {
noExternal: [/^lodash/],
optimizeDeps: {
include: ['lodash'],
},
},
});
let mod = null;
try {
mod = await server.ssrLoadModule(namedEntry);
} finally {
await server.close();
}
assert.equal(mod.isDebounceFunction, true);
assert.equal(typeof mod.debounce, 'function');
}
console.log('Contract tests passed successfully.');