CodeSampleX

샘플

github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.26.1: Issue and verify X.509 leaf certificates using SoftCAS Certificate Authority Service in step-ca

검증된 샘플 — golang github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.26.1: Issue and verify X.509 leaf certificates using SoftCAS Certificate Authority Service in step-ca.…

sha256:38cda01bb8e555912a7e990d6cb0aaebc4dae26424bd96f774f8dee082514498

이 네트워크가 제공하는 것은 하나입니다. 빌드되는 샘플. 샌드박스에서 돌리고 서명된 영수증을 보관합니다. 등급을 매기지 않고 무엇도 보증하지 않습니다 — 같은 코드가 당신 환경에서 빌드되는지는 측정한 적이 없습니다. 통과한 계약 영수증을 낸 서로 다른 서명 키의 수입니다. 하나면 작성자 혼자이고, 둘 이상이면 다른 사람도 빌드했다는 뜻입니다. 키는 스스로 만드는 것이고 뒤에 등록된 신원이 없으므로, 세는 것은 사람이 아니라 키입니다. MIT-0

실행 증거

선언된 환경과 서명된 실행을 분리해 두었습니다. 이 샘플이 무엇을 어디서 실행했는지 그대로 볼 수 있습니다.

증거 기준
서명된 컨트랙트 통과
검증 영수증
2
빌드한 서명 키
1
선언된 환경 linux 24 · ubuntu · glibc 2.39 x64 go go

검증 실행 환경

환경 컨트랙트 단계 실행일
go 1.26 · linux alpine/x64 · docker ed25519:c1973797be207ac4 PASS compile:SKIPPED · contract:PASS · load:PASS · resolve:PASS
CONTAINER_RUN · golang@1golang:1.26-alpine@sha256:28d89ee9cc0f…		 2026-08-23
go 1.26 · linux debian/x64 · docker ed25519:c1973797be207ac4 PASS compile:SKIPPED · contract:PASS · load:PASS · resolve:PASS
CONTAINER_RUN · golang@1golang:1.26@sha256:e30143be198a…		 2026-09-07

케이스

HOW
목표
Issue and verify X.509 leaf certificates using SoftCAS Certificate Authority Service in step-ca
패키지
심벌
  • github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/apiv1.CertificateAuthorityService
  • github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas.New
  • github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas.SoftCAS
생성일
2026-08-23T16:50:45Z

컨트랙트

  1. softcas.New creates a CertificateAuthorityService instance when given a valid certificate chain and signer
  2. SoftCAS.Type returns apiv1.SoftCAS identifier
  3. SoftCAS.CreateCertificate signs and returns a valid leaf x509 certificate given a valid template and lifetime
  4. SoftCAS.CreateCertificate fails when template is nil
  5. SoftCAS.CreateCertificate fails when lifetime is zero
  6. Certificates issued by SoftCAS successfully verify against the root CA certificate chain

파일

  • PROMPT.md
  • csx.json
  • go.mod
  • go.sum
  • main.go
  • spec.json
  • test/contract.go

소스 아티팩트 내려받기 (tar.gz)

소스

PROMPT.md
Clean-room public code sample — generation instructions

Write a brand-new, minimal, self-contained code sample in this clean-room directory.
Do not copy, paraphrase, or reference any existing project source. Work only from this spec.

A csx.json manifest scaffold already exists. Do not recreate it from memory. Preserve its case.goal, packages and symbols; fill its empty case.contract with exact assertions and correct its environment, commands and verifierAdapter for the files you generate.

Goal: Issue and verify X.509 leaf certificates using SoftCAS Certificate Authority Service in step-ca
Kind: HOW

Use EXACTLY these public packages and versions:
  - pkg:golang/github.com/smallstep/certificates@v0.26.1
Demonstrate these symbols/APIs:
  - github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/apiv1.CertificateAuthorityService
  - github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas.New
  - github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas.SoftCAS
Constraints:
  - executionContext: node
Required runtime conditions:
  - ecosystem: npm
  - language: javascript
  - moduleSystem: cjs
  - packageManager: npm@10.9.8
  - runtime: node@22.23.2

Rules:
  - One focused purpose; the smallest project that proves the goal.
  - Include a contract test (test/contract.*) that runs OFFLINE and exits 0 exactly when the goal behavior works.
  - Pin every dependency with a lockfile so resolution is reproducible.
  - No secrets, credentials, or tokens. No real URLs (only example.com or localhost). No absolute paths.
  - No personal names, emails, company names, or project identifiers of any kind.
  - No binaries and no generated output (node_modules, dist, target, venv, .git, .env).
  - Keep it under 200 files and 256KB packed.
csx.json
{"case":{"caseId":"case:sha256:d742896e94dbffcd3a6d1d1642e9346bd7d12d690b73072cf1ef14690bf3c006","contract":["softcas.New creates a CertificateAuthorityService instance when given a valid certificate chain and signer","SoftCAS.Type returns apiv1.SoftCAS identifier","SoftCAS.CreateCertificate signs and returns a valid leaf x509 certificate given a valid template and lifetime","SoftCAS.CreateCertificate fails when template is nil","SoftCAS.CreateCertificate fails when lifetime is zero","Certificates issued by SoftCAS successfully verify against the root CA certificate chain"],"goal":"Issue and verify X.509 leaf certificates using SoftCAS Certificate Authority Service in step-ca","kind":"HOW","packages":["pkg:golang/github.com/smallstep/certificates@v0.26.1"],"schemaVersion":1,"symbols":["github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/apiv1.CertificateAuthorityService","github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas.New","github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas.SoftCAS"]},"contractCommand":["go","run","./test"],"environment":{"arch":"x64","distro":"ubuntu","ecosystem":"golang","language":"go","libc":"glibc","libcVersion":"2.39","os":"linux","osVersionBucket":"24","packageManager":"go","schemaVersion":1},"license":"MIT-0","packages":["pkg:golang/github.com/smallstep/certificates@v0.26.1"],"schemaVersion":1,"subject":"pkg:golang/github.com/smallstep/certificates@v0.26.1","symbols":["github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/apiv1.CertificateAuthorityService","github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas.New","github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas.SoftCAS"],"verifierAdapter":"golang@1"}
go.mod
module sample-smallstep-softcas

go 1.23.0

require (
	github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.26.1
	go.step.sm/crypto v0.44.6
)

require (
	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 // indirect
	github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 // indirect
	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.2.0 // indirect
	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.3 // indirect
	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.3.3 // indirect
	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.12 // indirect
	github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 // indirect
	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.2.0 // indirect
	github.com/spf13/cast v1.4.1 // indirect
	golang.org/x/crypto v0.22.0 // indirect
	golang.org/x/net v0.24.0 // indirect
	golang.org/x/sys v0.19.0 // indirect
	golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 // indirect
)
go.sum
cloud.google.com/go v0.112.1 h1:uJSeirPke5UNZHIb4SxfZklVSiWWVqW4oXlETwZziwM=
cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.2.2 h1:gmxNJs4YZYcw6YvKRtVBaF2fyUE6UrWPyzU8jHvYfmI=
cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.2.2/go.mod h1:2bDNJWtWziDT3Pu1URxHHbkHE/BbOCuyUiKIGcNvafo=
cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.1 h1:VSPmMmUlT8CkIZ2PzD9AlLN+R3+D1clXMWHHa6vG/Ag=
cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.1/go.mod h1:tOdK/k+D2e4GEwfBRA48dKNQiDsqIXxLh7VU319eV0g=
cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.24.0 h1:phWcR2eWzRJaL/kOiJwfFsPs4BaKq1j6vnpZrc1YlVg=
cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0 h1:Tz+eQXMEqDIKRsmY3cHTL6FVaynIjX2QxYC4trgAKZc=
cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0/go.mod h1:zFmK7XCadkQkj6TtorcaGlCW1hT1fIilQDwofLpJ20k=
cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.1.7 h1:z4VHOhwKLF/+UYXAJDFwGtNF0b6gjsW1Pk9Ml0U/IoM=
cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.1.7/go.mod h1:J4PMPg8TtyurAUvSmPj8FF3EDgY1SPRZxcUGrn7WXGA=
cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.15.8 h1:szIeDCowID8th2i8XE4uRev5PMxQFqW+JjwYxL9h6xs=
cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.15.8/go.mod h1:WoUHcDjD9pluCg7pNds131awnH429QGvRM3N/4MyoVs=
filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 h1:FNf4tywRC1HmFuKW5xopWpigGjJKiJSV0Cqo0cJWDaA=
filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:BxyFTGdWcka3PhytdK4V28tE5sGfRvvvRV7EaN4VDT4=
github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 h1:5nUrii3FMTL5diU80unEVvNevw1nH4+ZV4DSLVJLSYI=
github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1/go.mod h1:8cTjp+g8YejhMuvIA5y2vz3BpJxksy863GQaJW2MFNU=
github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.2.0 h1:3MEsd0SM6jqZojhjLWWeBY+Kcjy9i6MQAeY7YgDP83g=
github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.2.0/go.mod h1:qvl/7zhW3nngYb5+80sSMF+FG2BjYrf8m9wsX0PNOMQ=
github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.3 h1:eL2fZNezLomi0uOLqjQoN6BfsDD+fyLtgbJMAj9n6YA=
github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.2.3/go.mod h1:rXcFaZ2zZbLRJv/xSysmlgIM1u11eBaRMhvYXJNkGuM=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.26.1 h1:5554eUqIYVWpU0YmeeYZ0wU64H2VLBs8TlhRB2L+EkA=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.26.1/go.mod h1:ffIFB97e2yNsv4aTSGkqtHnppsIJzw7G7BReUZ3jCXM=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.27.11 h1:f47rANd2LQEYHda2ddSCKYId18/8BhSRM4BULGmfgNA=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.27.11/go.mod h1:SMsV78RIOYdve1vf36z8LmnszlRWkwMQtomCAI0/mIE=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.17.11 h1:YuIB1dJNf1Re822rriUOTxopaHHvIq0l/pX3fwO+Tzs=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.17.11/go.mod h1:AQtFPsDH9bI2O+71anW6EKL+NcD7LG3dpKGMV4SShgo=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.16.1 h1:FVJ0r5XTHSmIHJV6KuDmdYhEpvlHpiSd38RQWhut5J4=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.16.1/go.mod h1:zusuAeqezXzAB24LGuzuekqMAEgWkVYukBec3kr3jUg=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.3.5 h1:aw39xVGeRWlWx9EzGVnhOR4yOjQDHPQ6o6NmBlscyQg=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.3.5/go.mod h1:FSaRudD0dXiMPK2UjknVwwTYyZMRsHv3TtkabsZih5I=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.6.5 h1:PG1F3OD1szkuQPzDw3CIQsRIrtTlUC3lP84taWzHlq0=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.6.5/go.mod h1:jU1li6RFryMz+so64PpKtudI+QzbKoIEivqdf6LNpOc=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.0 h1:hT8rVHwugYE2lEfdFE0QWVo81lF7jMrYJVDWI+f+VxU=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.0/go.mod h1:8tu/lYfQfFe6IGnaOdrpVgEL2IrrDOf6/m9RQum4NkY=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.11.2 h1:Ji0DY1xUsUr3I8cHps0G+XM3WWU16lP6yG8qu1GAZAs=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.11.2/go.mod h1:5CsjAbs3NlGQyZNFACh+zztPDI7fU6eW9QsxjfnuBKg=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.11.7 h1:ogRAwT1/gxJBcSWDMZlgyFUM962F51A5CRhDLbxLdmo=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.11.7/go.mod h1:YCsIZhXfRPLFFCl5xxY+1T9RKzOKjCut+28JSX2DnAk=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/kms v1.31.0 h1:yl7wcqbisxPzknJVfWTLnK83McUvXba+pz2+tPbIUmQ=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/kms v1.31.0/go.mod h1:2snWQJQUKsbN66vAawJuOGX7dr37pfOq9hb0tZDGIqQ=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.20.5 h1:vN8hEbpRnL7+Hopy9dzmRle1xmDc7o8tmY0klsr175w=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.20.5/go.mod h1:qGzynb/msuZIE8I75DVRCUXw3o3ZyBmUvMwQ2t/BrGM=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.23.4 h1:Jux+gDDyi1Lruk+KHF91tK2KCuY61kzoCpvtvJJBtOE=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.23.4/go.mod h1:mUYPBhaF2lGiukDEjJX2BLRRKTmoUSitGDUgM4tRxak=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.28.6 h1:cwIxeBttqPN3qkaAjcEcsh8NYr8n2HZPkcKgPAi1phU=
github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.28.6/go.mod h1:FZf1/nKNEkHdGGJP/cI2MoIMquumuRK6ol3QQJNDxmw=
github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.20.2 h1:tbp628ireGtzcHDDmLT/6ADHidqnwgF57XOXZe6tp4Q=
github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.20.2/go.mod h1:krry+ya/rV9RDcV/Q16kpu6ypI4K2czasz0NC3qS14E=
github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2Wg=
github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4/go.mod h1:m8KPJKqk1gH5J9DgRY2ASl2lWCfGKXixSwevea8zH2U=
github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 h1:pKouT5E8xu9zeFC39JXRDukb6JFQPXM5p5I91188VAQ=
github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 h1:hSWxHoqTgW2S2qGc0LTAI563KZ5YKYRhT3MFKZMbjag=
github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:mMo/vtBO5dYbehREoey6XUKy/eSumjCCveDpRre4VKE=
github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da h1:oI5xCqsCo564l8iNU+DwB5epxmsaqB+rhGL0m5jtYqE=
github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da/go.mod h1:cIg4eruTrX1D+g88fzRXU5OdNfaM+9IcxsU14FzY7Hc=
github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek=
github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4/go.mod h1:lnTiLA8Wa4RWRcIUkrtSVa5nRhsEGBg48fD6rSs7xps=
github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 h1:xf4v41cLI2Z6FxbKm+8Bu+m8ifhj15JuZ9sa0jZCMUU=
github.com/google/btree v1.1.2/go.mod h1:qOPhT0dTNdNzV6Z/lhRX0YXUafgPLFUh+gZMl761Gm4=
github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.1.6 h1:SW5K3sr7ptST/pIvNkSVWMiJqemRmkjJPPT0jzXdOOY=
github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.1.6/go.mod h1:0OJjOsOk+wj6aYQgP7FU0ioQ0AJUmnWPFMqTjQeazPQ=
github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.0 h1:sQF6YqWMi+SCXpsmS3fd21oPy/vSddwZry4JnmltHVk=
github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.0/go.mod h1:FkNVkc6C+IsvDI9Jw1OveJmxGZUUaKxtrpOS47QWKfU=
github.com/google/go-tpm-tools v0.4.4 h1:oiQfAIkc6xTy9Fl5NKTeTJkBTlXdHsxAofmQyxBKY98=
github.com/google/go-tpm-tools v0.4.4/go.mod h1:T8jXkp2s+eltnCDIsXR84/MTcVU9Ja7bh3Mit0pa4AY=
github.com/google/go-tspi v0.3.0 h1:ADtq8RKfP+jrTyIWIZDIYcKOMecRqNJFOew2IT0Inus=
github.com/google/go-tspi v0.3.0/go.mod h1:xfMGI3G0PhxCdNVcYr1C4C+EizojDg/TXuX5by8CiHI=
github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.7 h1:60BLSyTrOV4/haCDW4zb1guZItoSq8foHCXrAnjBo/o=
github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.7/go.mod h1:50CgR4k1jNlWBu4UfS4AcfhVe1r6pdZPygJ3R8F0Qdw=
github.com/google/uuid v1.1.1/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.2 h1:Vie5ybvEvT75RniqhfFxPRy3Bf7vr3h0cechB90XaQs=
github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.2/go.mod h1:VLSiSSBs/ksPL8kq3OBOQ6WRI2QnaFynd1DCjZ62+V0=
github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.12.3 h1:5/zPPDvw8Q1SuXjrqrZslrqT7dL/uJT2CQii/cLCKqA=
github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.12.3/go.mod h1:AKloxT6GtNbaLm8QTNSidHUVsHYcBHwWRvkNFJUQcS4=
github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.3.3 h1:/Gcsuc1x8JVbJ9/rlye4xZnVAbEkGauT8lbebqcQws4=
github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.3.3/go.mod h1:y5/lhBue+AyNmUVz9RLU9xbLR0o4KIIExikq4ovT0aE=
github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.11/go.mod h1:jmQim1M+e3UYxmgPu/WyfjB3N3VflVyUjjjwH0dnCYA=
github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.12 h1:b6R2BslTbIEToALKP7LxUvijTsNI9TAe80pLWN2g/HU=
github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.12/go.mod h1:jmQim1M+e3UYxmgPu/WyfjB3N3VflVyUjjjwH0dnCYA=
github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.0.0/go.mod h1:SNtv71yrdKgLRyLFxmLdkAbkKEFWgYaq1OVrnRcwhnw=
github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 h1:vpKXTN4ewci03Vljg/q9QvCGUDttBOGBIa15WveJJGw=
github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0/go.mod h1:qLl+cE2AmVv+CoeAwDPye/v+N2HKCj9FbZEVFJRxO9s=
github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.0/go.mod h1:mSTlrgnPZtwu0c4WaC2kGObEpuNDbx0jmZXqmk4esnw=
github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 h1:G2LzWKi524PWgd3mLHV8Y5k7s6XUvT0Gef6zxSIeXaQ=
github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2/go.mod h1:mSTlrgnPZtwu0c4WaC2kGObEpuNDbx0jmZXqmk4esnw=
github.com/peterbourgon/diskv/v3 v3.0.1 h1:x06SQA46+PKIUftmEujdwSEpIx8kR+M9eLYsUxeYveU=
github.com/peterbourgon/diskv/v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:kJ5Ny7vLdARGU3WUuy6uzO6T0nb/2gWcT1JiBvRmb5o=
github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
github.com/schollz/jsonstore v1.1.0 h1:WZBDjgezFS34CHI+myb4s8GGpir3UMpy7vWoCeO0n6E=
github.com/schollz/jsonstore v1.1.0/go.mod h1:15c6+9guw8vDRyozGjN3FoILt0wpruJk9Pi66vjaZfg=
github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.2.0 h1:abSATXmQEYyShuxI4/vyW3tV1MrKAJzCZ/0zLUXYbsQ=
github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.2.0/go.mod h1:DKyhrW/HYNuLGql+MJL6WCR6knT2jwCFRcu2hWCYk4o=
github.com/smallstep/assert v0.0.0-20200723003110-82e2b9b3b262 h1:unQFBIznI+VYD1/1fApl1A+9VcBk+9dcqGfnePY87LY=
github.com/smallstep/assert v0.0.0-20200723003110-82e2b9b3b262/go.mod h1:MyOHs9Po2fbM1LHej6sBUT8ozbxmMOFG+E+rx/GSGuc=
github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.26.1 h1:FIUliEBcExSfJJDhRFA/s8aZgMIFuorexnRSKQd884o=
github.com/smallstep/certificates v0.26.1/go.mod h1:OQMrW39IrGKDViKSHrKcgSQArMZ8c7EcjhYKK7mYqis=
github.com/smallstep/go-attestation v0.4.4-0.20240109183208-413678f90935 h1:kjYvkvS/Wdy0PVRDUAA0gGJIVSEZYhiAJtfwYgOYoGA=
github.com/smallstep/go-attestation v0.4.4-0.20240109183208-413678f90935/go.mod h1:vNAduivU014fubg6ewygkAvQC0IQVXqdc8vaGl/0er4=
github.com/spf13/cast v1.3.1/go.mod h1:Qx5cxh0v+4UWYiBimWS+eyWzqEqokIECu5etghLkUJE=
github.com/spf13/cast v1.4.1 h1:s0hze+J0196ZfEMTs80N7UlFt0BDuQ7Q+JDnHiMWKdA=
github.com/spf13/cast v1.4.1/go.mod h1:Qx5cxh0v+4UWYiBimWS+eyWzqEqokIECu5etghLkUJE=
github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXfy6kDkUVs=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1/go.mod h1:5W2xD1RspED5o8YsWQXVCued0rvSQ+mT+I5cxcmMvtA=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.13/go.mod h1:6yULJ656Px+3vBD8DxQVa3kxgyrAnzto9xy5taEt/CY=
go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 h1:y73uSU6J157QMP2kn2r30vwW1A2W2WFwSCGnAVxeaD0=
go.opencensus.io v0.24.0/go.mod h1:vNK8G9p7aAivkbmorf4v+7Hgx+Zs0yY+0fOtgBfjQKo=
go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.49.0 h1:4Pp6oUg3+e/6M4C0A/3kJ2VYa++dsWVTtGgLVj5xtHg=
go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.49.0/go.mod h1:Mjt1i1INqiaoZOMGR1RIUJN+i3ChKoFRqzrRQhlkbs0=
go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.49.0 h1:jq9TW8u3so/bN+JPT166wjOI6/vQPF6Xe7nMNIltagk=
go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.49.0/go.mod h1:p8pYQP+m5XfbZm9fxtSKAbM6oIllS7s2AfxrChvc7iw=
go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0 h1:0LAOdjNmQeSTzGBzduGe/rU4tZhMwL5rWgtp9Ku5Jfo=
go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0/go.mod h1:W7b9Ozg4nkF5tWI5zsXkaKKDjdVjpD4oAt9Qi/MArHo=
go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.24.0 h1:6EhoGWWK28x1fbpA4tYTOWBkPefTDQnb8WSGXlc88kI=
go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.24.0/go.mod h1:VYhLe1rFfxuTXLgj4CBiyz+9WYBA8pNGJgDcSFRKBco=
go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0 h1:CsKnnL4dUAr/0llH9FKuc698G04IrpWV0MQA/Y1YELI=
go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0/go.mod h1:HPc3Xr/cOApsBI154IU0OI0HJexz+aw5uPdbs3UCjNU=
go.step.sm/crypto v0.44.6 h1:vQg8ujce7fNXDO8EWdriSz+ZSJpYnNh22QrFtRjdyoY=
go.step.sm/crypto v0.44.6/go.mod h1:oKRO4jaf2MaCohJDN+/8ShImkvIgUKfJxxy87gqsnXs=
golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
golang.org/x/crypto v0.3.0/go.mod h1:hebNnKkNXi2UzZN1eVRvBB7co0a+JxK6XbPiWVs/3J4=
golang.org/x/crypto v0.22.0 h1:g1v0xeRhjcugydODzvb3mEM9SQ0HGp9s/nh3COQ/C30=
golang.org/x/crypto v0.22.0/go.mod h1:vr6Su+7cTlO45qkww3VDJlzDn0ctJvRgYbC2NvXHt+M=
golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
golang.org/x/net v0.2.0/go.mod h1:KqCZLdyyvdV855qA2rE3GC2aiw5xGR5TEjj8smXukLY=
golang.org/x/net v0.24.0 h1:1PcaxkF854Fu3+lvBIx5SYn9wRlBzzcnHZSiaFFAb0w=
golang.org/x/net v0.24.0/go.mod h1:2Q7sJY5mzlzWjKtYUEXSlBWCdyaioyXzRB2RtU8KVE8=
golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.19.0 h1:9+E/EZBCbTLNrbN35fHv/a/d/mOBatymz1zbtQrXpIg=
golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.19.0/go.mod h1:vYi7skDa1x015PmRRYZ7+s1cWyPgrPiSYRe4rnsexc8=
golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0 h1:5BMeUDZ7vkXGfEr1x9B4bRcTH4lpkTkpdh0T/J+qjbQ=
golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
golang.org/x/sys v0.19.0 h1:q5f1RH2jigJ1MoAWp2KTp3gm5zAGFUTarQZ5U386+4o=
golang.org/x/sys v0.19.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
golang.org/x/term v0.2.0/go.mod h1:TVmDHMZPmdnySmBfhjOoOdhjzdE1h4u1VwSiw2l1Nuc=
golang.org/x/term v0.19.0 h1:+ThwsDv+tYfnJFhF4L8jITxu1tdTWRTZpdsWgEgjL6Q=
golang.org/x/term v0.19.0/go.mod h1:2CuTdWZ7KHSQwUzKva0cbMg6q2DMI3Mmxp+gKJbskEk=
golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
golang.org/x/text v0.4.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 h1:ScX5w1eTa3QqT8oi6+ziP7dTV1S2+ALU0bI+0zXKWiQ=
golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 h1:o7cqy6amK/52YcAKIPlM3a+Fpj35zvRj2TP+e1xFSfk=
golang.org/x/time v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
google.golang.org/api v0.176.0 h1:dHj1/yv5Dm/eQTXiP9hNCRT3xzJHWXeNdRq29XbMxoE=
google.golang.org/api v0.176.0/go.mod h1:Rra+ltKu14pps/4xTycZfobMgLpbosoaaL7c+SEMrO8=
google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240227224415-6ceb2ff114de h1:F6qOa9AZTYJXOUEr4jDysRDLrm4PHePlge4v4TGAlxY=
google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240227224415-6ceb2ff114de/go.mod h1:VUhTRKeHn9wwcdrk73nvdC9gF178Tzhmt/qyaFcPLSo=
google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240401170217-c3f982113cda h1:b6F6WIV4xHHD0FA4oIyzU6mHWg2WI2X1RBehwa5QN38=
google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240401170217-c3f982113cda/go.mod h1:AHcE/gZH76Bk/ROZhQphlRoWo5xKDEtz3eVEO1LfA8c=
google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240415180920-8c6c420018be h1:LG9vZxsWGOmUKieR8wPAUR3u3MpnYFQZROPIMaXh7/A=
google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240415180920-8c6c420018be/go.mod h1:WtryC6hu0hhx87FDGxWCDptyssuo68sk10vYjF+T9fY=
google.golang.org/grpc v1.63.2 h1:MUeiw1B2maTVZthpU5xvASfTh3LDbxHd6IJ6QQVU+xM=
google.golang.org/grpc v1.63.2/go.mod h1:WAX/8DgncnokcFUldAxq7GeB5DXHDbMF+lLvDomNkRA=
google.golang.org/protobuf v1.33.0 h1:uNO2rsAINq/JlFpSdYEKIZ0uKD/R9cpdv0T+yoGwGmI=
google.golang.org/protobuf v1.33.0/go.mod h1:c6P6GXX6sHbq/GpV6MGZEdwhWPcYBgnhAHhKbcUYpos=
gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0 h1:clyUAQHOM3G0M3f5vQj7LuJrETvjVot3Z5el9nffUtU=
gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
main.go
package main

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/ecdsa"
	"crypto/elliptic"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/x509"
	"crypto/x509/pkix"
	"fmt"
	"math/big"
	"time"

	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/apiv1"
	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas"
	"go.step.sm/crypto/x509util"
)

func main() {
	// 1. Generate root CA key and self-signed certificate
	rootKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to generate root key: %v\n", err)
		return
	}

	rootTemplate := &x509.Certificate{
		SerialNumber:          big.NewInt(1),
		Subject:               pkix.Name{CommonName: "Example Root CA"},
		NotBefore:             time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Minute),
		NotAfter:              time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
		KeyUsage:              x509.KeyUsageCertSign | x509.KeyUsageCRLSign,
		BasicConstraintsValid: true,
		IsCA:                  true,
		MaxPathLen:            1,
	}

	rootCert, err := x509util.CreateCertificate(rootTemplate, rootTemplate, rootKey.Public(), rootKey)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to create root cert: %v\n", err)
		return
	}

	// 2. Initialize SoftCAS Certificate Authority Service
	cas, err := softcas.New(context.Background(), apiv1.Options{
		CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{rootCert},
		Signer:           rootKey,
	})
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to initialize softcas: %v\n", err)
		return
	}

	// 3. Issue a leaf certificate
	leafKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to generate leaf key: %v\n", err)
		return
	}

	leafTemplate := &x509.Certificate{
		SerialNumber: big.NewInt(2),
		Subject:      pkix.Name{CommonName: "leaf.example.internal"},
		DNSNames:     []string{"leaf.example.internal"},
		KeyUsage:     x509.KeyUsageDigitalSignature,
		ExtKeyUsage:  []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageServerAuth, x509.ExtKeyUsageClientAuth},
		PublicKey:    leafKey.Public(),
	}

	resp, err := cas.CreateCertificate(&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
		Template: leafTemplate,
		Lifetime: 8 * time.Hour,
		Backdate: 1 * time.Minute,
	})
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("failed to create certificate: %v\n", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("Issued certificate Subject: %s\n", resp.Certificate.Subject.CommonName)
	fmt.Printf("Issued certificate Issuer: %s\n", resp.Certificate.Issuer.CommonName)
	fmt.Printf("Certificate chain length: %d\n", len(resp.CertificateChain))
}
spec.json
{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "goal": "Issue and verify X.509 leaf certificates using SoftCAS Certificate Authority Service in step-ca",
  "kind": "HOW",
  "packages": [
    "pkg:golang/github.com/smallstep/certificates@v0.26.1"
  ],
  "symbols": [
    "github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/apiv1.CertificateAuthorityService",
    "github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas.New",
    "github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas.SoftCAS"
  ],
  "constraints": {
    "executionContext": "node"
  },
  "runtimeConditions": {
    "ecosystem": "npm",
    "language": "javascript",
    "moduleSystem": "cjs",
    "packageManager": "npm@10.9.8",
    "runtime": "node@22.23.2"
  }
}
test/contract.go
package main

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/ecdsa"
	"crypto/elliptic"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/x509"
	"crypto/x509/pkix"
	"fmt"
	"math/big"
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/apiv1"
	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/cas/softcas"
	"go.step.sm/crypto/x509util"
)

func main() {
	// Setup Root CA
	rootKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "FAIL: failed to generate root key: %v\n", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	rootTemplate := &x509.Certificate{
		SerialNumber:          big.NewInt(1),
		Subject:               pkix.Name{CommonName: "Example Root CA"},
		NotBefore:             time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Minute),
		NotAfter:              time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
		KeyUsage:              x509.KeyUsageCertSign | x509.KeyUsageCRLSign,
		BasicConstraintsValid: true,
		IsCA:                  true,
		MaxPathLen:            1,
	}

	rootCert, err := x509util.CreateCertificate(rootTemplate, rootTemplate, rootKey.Public(), rootKey)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "FAIL: failed to create root cert: %v\n", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	// Assertion 1: softcas.New creates a CertificateAuthorityService instance when given a valid certificate chain and signer
	var cas *softcas.SoftCAS
	{
		c, err := softcas.New(context.Background(), apiv1.Options{
			CertificateChain: []*x509.Certificate{rootCert},
			Signer:           rootKey,
		})
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "FAIL: softcas.New failed: %v\n", err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		if c == nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "FAIL: softcas.New returned nil instance")
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		cas = c
	}

	// Assertion 2: SoftCAS.Type returns apiv1.SoftCAS identifier
	{
		typ := cas.Type()
		if typ != apiv1.SoftCAS {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "FAIL: unexpected cas type: want %q, got %q\n", apiv1.SoftCAS, typ)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
	}

	leafKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "FAIL: failed to generate leaf key: %v\n", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	var leafCert *x509.Certificate

	// Assertion 3: SoftCAS.CreateCertificate signs and returns a valid leaf x509 certificate given a valid template and lifetime
	{
		leafTemplate := &x509.Certificate{
			SerialNumber: big.NewInt(2),
			Subject:      pkix.Name{CommonName: "leaf.example.internal"},
			DNSNames:     []string{"leaf.example.internal"},
			KeyUsage:     x509.KeyUsageDigitalSignature,
			ExtKeyUsage:  []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageServerAuth, x509.ExtKeyUsageClientAuth},
			PublicKey:    leafKey.Public(),
		}

		resp, err := cas.CreateCertificate(&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
			Template: leafTemplate,
			Lifetime: 8 * time.Hour,
			Backdate: 1 * time.Minute,
		})
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "FAIL: CreateCertificate failed: %v\n", err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		if resp == nil || resp.Certificate == nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "FAIL: CreateCertificate returned nil response or certificate")
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		if resp.Certificate.Subject.CommonName != "leaf.example.internal" {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "FAIL: unexpected certificate subject: %s\n", resp.Certificate.Subject.CommonName)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		if resp.Certificate.Issuer.CommonName != "Example Root CA" {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "FAIL: unexpected certificate issuer: %s\n", resp.Certificate.Issuer.CommonName)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		if len(resp.CertificateChain) == 0 || resp.CertificateChain[0].Subject.CommonName != "Example Root CA" {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "FAIL: unexpected certificate chain: %v\n", resp.CertificateChain)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		leafCert = resp.Certificate
	}

	// Assertion 4: SoftCAS.CreateCertificate fails when template is nil
	{
		_, err := cas.CreateCertificate(&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
			Template: nil,
			Lifetime: 8 * time.Hour,
		})
		if err == nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "FAIL: expected error when template is nil, got nil")
			os.Exit(1)
		}
	}

	// Assertion 5: SoftCAS.CreateCertificate fails when lifetime is zero
	{
		leafTemplate := &x509.Certificate{
			SerialNumber: big.NewInt(3),
			Subject:      pkix.Name{CommonName: "leaf2.example.internal"},
			PublicKey:    leafKey.Public(),
		}
		_, err := cas.CreateCertificate(&apiv1.CreateCertificateRequest{
			Template: leafTemplate,
			Lifetime: 0,
		})
		if err == nil {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "FAIL: expected error when lifetime is zero, got nil")
			os.Exit(1)
		}
	}

	// Assertion 6: Certificates issued by SoftCAS successfully verify against the root CA certificate chain
	{
		roots := x509.NewCertPool()
		roots.AddCert(rootCert)

		verifyOpts := x509.VerifyOptions{
			DNSName:     "leaf.example.internal",
			Roots:       roots,
			KeyUsages:   []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageServerAuth},
			CurrentTime: time.Now(),
		}

		if _, err := leafCert.Verify(verifyOpts); err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "FAIL: leaf certificate verification against root failed: %v\n", err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
	}

	fmt.Println("PASS: softcas contract passed")
}

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