@rollup/plugin-commonjs 29.0.3: Prevent eager top-level ESM hoisting of conditional Node built-in requires in CommonJS bundles by setting requireNodeBuiltins to true and using node: prefixed specifiers.

# Notes: Rollup CommonJS Plugin Node Built-ins Hoisting

## Search Result
`search_known_solution` returned a compatible hit (sample `sha256:6bd9e4aeb00bbe86cb0245f6c6955ae8ec7421dba24da3b8401f6307646e0ad8`), which addressed external CommonJS default import interop with `output.interop: 'auto'`. This sample explores a different trap introduced in recent minor/major boundaries: lazy loading of Node built-in modules (`node:*`) via `requireNodeBuiltins` and the requirement for `node:` prefixing and strict module wrapping.

## Naive Model Assumption
A developer or model expects that CommonJS code containing conditional `require('node:fs')` inside a function will not eagerly import `node:fs` upon bundle initialization when converted to ESM, or that setting `requireNodeBuiltins: true` automatically makes all Node built-ins (such as bare `require('fs')`) lazy across all wrapping configurations.

## Failure Mode
It fails silently with a green build: Rollup compiles without errors, but the generated ESM bundle contains an eager top-level `import require$$0 from 'node:fs';`. In runtimes or edge environments where the built-in is unavailable or where side-effect-free startup is required, importing the bundle immediately crashes on load (`ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND`) even if the conditional branch requiring `node:fs` is never executed.

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      "license": "MIT",
      "optional": true,
      "os": [
        "darwin"
      ],
      "engines": {
        "node": "^8.16.0 || ^10.6.0 || >=11.0.0"
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}

{
  "name": "npm-rollup-plugin-commonjs-version",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "type": "commonjs",
  "dependencies": {
    "@rollup/plugin-commonjs": "^29.0.3",
    "rollup": "^4.62.4"
  }
}

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
import { rollup } from 'rollup';
import commonjs from '@rollup/plugin-commonjs';

async function runContract() {
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Contract 1 (contradicts naive belief):
  // By default, @rollup/plugin-commonjs hoists conditional require('node:fs')
  // calls to top-level ESM static imports, eagerly loading built-in modules on startup.
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  const bundleDefault = await rollup({
    input: 'entry-default.js',
    external: ['node:fs'],
    plugins: [
      {
        name: 'virtual-loader',
        resolveId(id) {
          if (id === 'entry-default.js') return id;
        },
        load(id) {
          if (id === 'entry-default.js') {
            return `
              exports.conditionalRead = function(enable) {
                if (enable) {
                  const fs = require('node:fs');
                  return fs.readFileSync('data.txt');
                }
                return 'disabled';
              };
            `;
          }
        }
      },
      commonjs() // default options: requireNodeBuiltins: false, strictRequires: true
    ]
  });

  const { output: outDefault } = await bundleDefault.generate({ format: 'es' });
  const codeDefault = outDefault[0].code;

  // Assert default emits top-level static ESM import for node:fs
  assert.match(
    codeDefault,
    /^import\s+require\$\$\d+\s+from\s+'node:fs';/m,
    'Default options hoist static ESM import for node:fs at module top level'
  );
  assert.equal(
    codeDefault.includes('createRequire'),
    false,
    'Default options do not emit createRequire helper'
  );

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Contract 2:
  // Setting requireNodeBuiltins: true replaces static imports for node: prefixed
  // built-ins with createRequire lazy wrappers invoked inside wrapped functions.
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  const bundleBuiltins = await rollup({
    input: 'entry-builtins.js',
    external: ['node:fs', 'node:module'],
    plugins: [
      {
        name: 'virtual-loader',
        resolveId(id) {
          if (id === 'entry-builtins.js') return id;
        },
        load(id) {
          if (id === 'entry-builtins.js') {
            return `
              exports.conditionalRead = function(enable) {
                if (enable) {
                  const fs = require('node:fs');
                  return fs.readFileSync('data.txt');
                }
                return 'disabled';
              };
            `;
          }
        }
      },
      commonjs({
        requireNodeBuiltins: true
      })
    ]
  });

  const { output: outBuiltins } = await bundleBuiltins.generate({ format: 'es' });
  const codeBuiltins = outBuiltins[0].code;

  // Assert node:module createRequire is imported instead of direct node:fs static import
  assert.match(
    codeBuiltins,
    /^import\s+\{\s*createRequire\s*\}\s+from\s+'node:module';/m,
    'requireNodeBuiltins: true imports createRequire from node:module'
  );
  assert.equal(
    codeBuiltins.includes("from 'node:fs'"),
    false,
    'requireNodeBuiltins: true eliminates top-level static import of node:fs'
  );
  assert.match(
    codeBuiltins,
    /function\s+__require\(\)\s*\{\s*return\s+require\$\d+\("node:fs"\);\s*\}/,
    'Lazy __require helper is synthesized for node:fs'
  );

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Contract 3:
  // Legacy bare built-in specifiers like require('fs') bypass requireNodeBuiltins: true
  // and remain hoisted as top-level static ESM imports.
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  const bundleBare = await rollup({
    input: 'entry-bare.js',
    external: ['fs', 'node:module'],
    plugins: [
      {
        name: 'virtual-loader',
        resolveId(id) {
          if (id === 'entry-bare.js') return id;
        },
        load(id) {
          if (id === 'entry-bare.js') {
            return `
              exports.conditionalRead = function(enable) {
                if (enable) {
                  const fs = require('fs');
                  return fs.readFileSync('data.txt');
                }
                return 'disabled';
              };
            `;
          }
        }
      },
      commonjs({
        requireNodeBuiltins: true
      })
    ]
  });

  const { output: outBare } = await bundleBare.generate({ format: 'es' });
  const codeBare = outBare[0].code;

  assert.match(
    codeBare,
    /^import\s+require\$\$\d+\s+from\s+'fs';/m,
    'Bare fs specifier is hoisted statically even when requireNodeBuiltins is true'
  );
  assert.equal(
    codeBare.includes('createRequire'),
    false,
    'Bare fs specifier does not use createRequire proxy'
  );

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Contract 4:
  // Setting strictRequires: false disables function wrapping and forces node:
  // built-ins to be hoisted as static imports even when requireNodeBuiltins: true.
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  const bundleUnwrapped = await rollup({
    input: 'entry-unwrapped.js',
    external: ['node:fs'],
    plugins: [
      {
        name: 'virtual-loader',
        resolveId(id) {
          if (id === 'entry-unwrapped.js') return id;
        },
        load(id) {
          if (id === 'entry-unwrapped.js') {
            return `
              exports.conditionalRead = function(enable) {
                if (enable) {
                  const fs = require('node:fs');
                  return fs.readFileSync('data.txt');
                }
                return 'disabled';
              };
            `;
          }
        }
      },
      commonjs({
        requireNodeBuiltins: true,
        strictRequires: false
      })
    ]
  });

  const { output: outUnwrapped } = await bundleUnwrapped.generate({ format: 'es' });
  const codeUnwrapped = outUnwrapped[0].code;

  assert.match(
    codeUnwrapped,
    /^import\s+require\$\$\d+\s+from\s+'node:fs';/m,
    'Unwrapped CommonJS module hoists static import regardless of requireNodeBuiltins'
  );
  assert.equal(
    codeUnwrapped.includes('createRequire'),
    false,
    'Unwrapped CommonJS module omits createRequire proxy'
  );

  console.log('All contract assertions passed successfully.');
}

runContract().catch((err) => {
  console.error('Contract failed:', err);
  process.exit(1);
});