postcss 8.4.49: Customizing theme keys directly replaces the entire default design system causing standard utilities to silently disappear unless nested under theme.extend

# Notes

## Search Results
`search_known_solution` returned existing sample `sha256:52605f9f976b90b774ec86bcad38e5a02628014fd02d62a8b0b8937afdd907fc` covering Tailwind v4 CSS-first configuration migration (`@import "tailwindcss"` with `@theme`). To provide distinct value, this sample targets the classic and widespread Tailwind v3 configuration trap: top-level `theme` replacement vs `theme.extend`.

## What a naive model would write
A model adding custom tokens intuitively writes `theme: { colors: { brand: '#ff5722' }, spacing: { '128': '32rem' } }` expecting them to merge alongside Tailwind's default palette and scales.

## How the wrong version fails
Silently with a green build — PostCSS finishes with exit code 0 and zero warnings, but all standard color and spacing utilities (`text-red-500`, `bg-blue-500`, `p-4`) are completely omitted from the output stylesheet because defining keys directly on `theme` wipes out the default design system unless nested under `theme.extend`.

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}

{
  "name": "csx-sample-tailwindcss-config-extend",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT-0",
  "dependencies": {
    "postcss": "8.4.49",
    "tailwindcss": "3.4.17"
  }
}

import tailwindcss from 'tailwindcss';
import resolveConfig from 'tailwindcss/resolveConfig.js';
import postcss from 'postcss';

/**
 * Resolves a Tailwind CSS configuration object by merging with default theme settings.
 * If design tokens (colors, spacing, screens) are defined directly under `theme.<property>`,
 * Tailwind completely replaces the default system for that property rather than extending it.
 * To preserve defaults, custom tokens must be placed under `theme.extend.<property>`.
 */
export function resolveTailwindConfig(config) {
  return resolveConfig(config);
}

/**
 * Compiles Tailwind CSS utilities using PostCSS and a provided Tailwind configuration.
 */
export async function compileTailwind(config, css = '@tailwind utilities;') {
  const result = await postcss([tailwindcss(config)]).process(css, {
    from: undefined,
  });
  return result.css;
}

import { strict as assert } from 'node:assert';
import { resolveTailwindConfig, compileTailwind } from '../src/index.mjs';

// --- Part 1: resolveConfig theme palette behavior ---

// Naive/flawed configuration: defining colors directly under theme.colors
const overwriteConfig = {
  content: [{ raw: '<div class="text-brand text-red-500 bg-blue-500 p-4 p-128"></div>' }],
  theme: {
    colors: {
      brand: '#ff5722',
    },
    spacing: {
      '128': '32rem',
    },
  },
};

const resolvedOverwrite = resolveTailwindConfig(overwriteConfig);

// Top-level theme.colors COMPLETELY replaces the default color palette
assert.strictEqual(
  resolvedOverwrite.theme.colors.brand,
  '#ff5722',
  'Custom brand color must be defined in overwritten theme'
);
assert.strictEqual(
  'red' in resolvedOverwrite.theme.colors,
  false,
  'Default red color must NOT exist when theme.colors is configured at top-level'
);
assert.strictEqual(
  'blue' in resolvedOverwrite.theme.colors,
  false,
  'Default blue color must NOT exist when theme.colors is configured at top-level'
);
assert.deepStrictEqual(
  Object.keys(resolvedOverwrite.theme.colors),
  ['brand'],
  'Top-level theme.colors must wipe all default colors, leaving only brand'
);

// Top-level theme.spacing COMPLETELY replaces the default spacing scale
assert.strictEqual(
  '4' in resolvedOverwrite.theme.spacing,
  false,
  'Default spacing 4 must NOT exist when theme.spacing is configured at top-level'
);
assert.deepStrictEqual(
  Object.keys(resolvedOverwrite.theme.spacing),
  ['128'],
  'Top-level theme.spacing must wipe all default spacing, leaving only 128'
);

// Correct configuration: extending default theme via theme.extend
const extendConfig = {
  content: [{ raw: '<div class="text-brand text-red-500 bg-blue-500 p-4 p-128"></div>' }],
  theme: {
    extend: {
      colors: {
        brand: '#ff5722',
      },
      spacing: {
        '128': '32rem',
      },
    },
  },
};

const resolvedExtend = resolveTailwindConfig(extendConfig);

// theme.extend preserves default colors while adding custom tokens
assert.strictEqual(
  resolvedExtend.theme.colors.brand,
  '#ff5722',
  'Custom brand color must exist in extended theme'
);
assert.ok(
  'red' in resolvedExtend.theme.colors,
  'Default red color must be preserved when extending theme.extend.colors'
);
assert.ok(
  'blue' in resolvedExtend.theme.colors,
  'Default blue color must be preserved when extending theme.extend.colors'
);
assert.ok(
  'slate' in resolvedExtend.theme.colors,
  'Default slate color must be preserved when extending theme.extend.colors'
);
assert.strictEqual(
  resolvedExtend.theme.spacing['4'],
  '1rem',
  'Default spacing 4 must be preserved when extending theme.extend.spacing'
);
assert.strictEqual(
  resolvedExtend.theme.spacing['128'],
  '32rem',
  'Custom spacing 128 must be added when extending theme.extend.spacing'
);

// --- Part 2: PostCSS utility generation behavior ---

// Compile with top-level theme (overwriting defaults)
const cssOverwrite = await compileTailwind(overwriteConfig);

assert.ok(
  cssOverwrite.includes('.text-brand'),
  'Custom .text-brand utility must be emitted'
);
assert.ok(
  cssOverwrite.includes('.p-128'),
  'Custom .p-128 utility must be emitted'
);
// CRITICAL: Default utility classes are silently omitted despite valid class syntax and green build
assert.ok(
  !cssOverwrite.includes('.text-red-500'),
  'Default .text-red-500 utility must NOT be emitted when theme.colors overwrote the palette'
);
assert.ok(
  !cssOverwrite.includes('.bg-blue-500'),
  'Default .bg-blue-500 utility must NOT be emitted when theme.colors overwrote the palette'
);
assert.ok(
  !cssOverwrite.includes('.p-4'),
  'Default .p-4 utility must NOT be emitted when theme.spacing overwrote the scale'
);

// Compile with theme.extend (preserving defaults)
const cssExtend = await compileTailwind(extendConfig);

assert.ok(
  cssExtend.includes('.text-brand'),
  'Custom .text-brand utility must be emitted with theme.extend'
);
assert.ok(
  cssExtend.includes('.text-red-500'),
  'Default .text-red-500 utility MUST be emitted with theme.extend'
);
assert.ok(
  cssExtend.includes('.bg-blue-500'),
  'Default .bg-blue-500 utility MUST be emitted with theme.extend'
);
assert.ok(
  cssExtend.includes('.p-4'),
  'Default .p-4 utility MUST be emitted with theme.extend'
);
assert.ok(
  cssExtend.includes('.p-128'),
  'Custom .p-128 utility MUST be emitted with theme.extend'
);

console.log('CONTRACT PASS: Tailwind theme vs theme.extend behavior verified');