jsdom 26.1.0: Control script execution scope and capture uncaught script exceptions using JSDOM runScripts modes and VirtualConsole event routing

# JSDOM Script Execution and VirtualConsole Error Routing

## Search Findings
An initial search for `jsdom` API behaviors identified an existing sample (`sha256:7cea419813dc1b9e63d00f9950fbc33987bd649531dcdd1f00dab447feb94f8f`) covering URL configuration and opaque origin storage restrictions. A subsequent query targeting script execution options and `VirtualConsole` error routing returned `NO_SAFE_MATCH`.

## Pinned Version
- Package: `jsdom`
- Version: `26.1.0`

## Observed Behaviour and Failure Modes

### 1. Script Execution Configuration
When instantiating `JSDOM` with default options (`new JSDOM(html)`), inline `<script>` elements and HTML event handler attributes (such as `onclick="..."`) do not execute. Furthermore, calling `dom.window.eval(...)` fails loudly with `ReferenceError: window is not defined` because JSDOM does not initialize a Node VM execution context for the window by default.

Configuring the `runScripts` option changes execution boundaries:
- `runScripts: "outside-only"`: Attaches a Node VM context to the window, allowing `dom.window.eval(...)` to execute within the DOM global scope. However, inline `<script>` tags and event handler attributes in HTML markup remain disabled.
- `runScripts: "dangerously"`: Enables full execution for both inline `<script>` tags and inline event handler attributes within the DOM global scope.

### 2. Error Routing via VirtualConsole
When scripts executed under `runScripts: "dangerously"` throw unhandled exceptions during document parsing or event handling:
- The `new JSDOM(...)` constructor and DOM event dispatch methods (such as `element.click()`) do NOT throw synchronous exceptions out to the caller. Wrapping constructor calls in `try...catch` will silently succeed without capturing the script failure.
- Unhandled script exceptions are dispatched as `'jsdomError'` events to the instance's `VirtualConsole`. The event object contains `type: "unhandled exception"`, a formatted `message` string, and a `detail` property holding the underlying Error object.

### 3. Console Forwarding and Filtering
A custom `VirtualConsole` instance attached via constructor options allows monitoring and intercepting DOM console outputs. Calling `virtualConsole.sendTo(targetConsole, { omitJSDOMErrors: true })` forwards `log`, `warn`, and `error` methods to a custom logger while suppressing unhandled script error messages from polluting the stream.

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      "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
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      "deprecated": "Use @exodus/bytes instead for a more spec-conformant and faster implementation",
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
        "iconv-lite": "0.6.3"
      },
      "engines": {
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      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/whatwg-url/-/whatwg-url-14.2.0.tgz",
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      "dependencies": {
        "tr46": "^5.1.0",
        "webidl-conversions": "^7.0.0"
      },
      "engines": {
        "node": ">=18"
      }
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      "engines": {
        "node": ">=10.0.0"
      },
      "peerDependencies": {
        "bufferutil": "^4.0.1",
        "utf-8-validate": ">=5.0.2"
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}

{
  "name": "npm-jsdom-api",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "dependencies": {
    "jsdom": "26.1.0"
  }
}

import { JSDOM, VirtualConsole } from 'jsdom';
import assert from 'node:assert';

// 1. Default mode: scripts and event handlers do not run, eval has no VM context
{
  const dom = new JSDOM(`
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
      <body>
        <script>window.scriptRan = true;</script>
        <button id="btn" onclick="window.clicked = true"></button>
      </body>
    </html>
  `);

  // Inline script was not executed
  assert.strictEqual(dom.window.scriptRan, undefined);

  // Inline event handler does not execute
  const btn = dom.window.document.getElementById('btn');
  btn.click();
  assert.strictEqual(dom.window.clicked, undefined);

  // window.eval fails because no VM context was created for this window
  assert.throws(
    () => dom.window.eval('window.evalRan = true;'),
    {
      name: 'ReferenceError',
      message: 'window is not defined'
    }
  );
}

// 2. outside-only mode: VM context enabled for external evaluation, but DOM scripts disabled
{
  const dom = new JSDOM(`
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
      <body>
        <script>window.scriptRan = true;</script>
        <button id="btn" onclick="window.clicked = true"></button>
      </body>
    </html>
  `, {
    runScripts: 'outside-only'
  });

  // Inline script and event handler are still disabled
  assert.strictEqual(dom.window.scriptRan, undefined);
  dom.window.document.getElementById('btn').click();
  assert.strictEqual(dom.window.clicked, undefined);

  // External evaluation succeeds in window scope
  dom.window.eval('window.evalRan = 123;');
  assert.strictEqual(dom.window.evalRan, 123);
}

// 3. dangerously mode: executes DOM scripts and inline event handlers
{
  const dom = new JSDOM(`
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
      <body>
        <script>window.scriptRan = 'executed';</script>
        <button id="btn" onclick="window.clicked = 'button-pressed'"></button>
      </body>
    </html>
  `, {
    runScripts: 'dangerously'
  });

  assert.strictEqual(dom.window.scriptRan, 'executed');
  dom.window.document.getElementById('btn').click();
  assert.strictEqual(dom.window.clicked, 'button-pressed');
}

// 4. VirtualConsole: error routing and non-throwing construction
{
  const virtualConsole = new VirtualConsole();
  const capturedErrors = [];

  virtualConsole.on('jsdomError', (err) => {
    capturedErrors.push({
      type: err.type,
      message: err.message,
      detailMessage: err.detail?.message,
      detailName: err.detail?.name
    });
  });

  let constructorThrew = false;
  let dom;

  try {
    dom = new JSDOM(`
      <!DOCTYPE html>
      <html>
        <body>
          <script>
            window.initialized = true;
            throw new TypeError('Initialization failed inside DOM script');
          </script>
          <button id="btn" onclick="throw new RangeError('Handler failed');"></button>
        </body>
      </html>
    `, {
      runScripts: 'dangerously',
      virtualConsole
    });
  } catch {
    constructorThrew = true;
  }

  // JSDOM constructor does NOT throw synchronously despite uncaught script error
  assert.strictEqual(constructorThrew, false);
  assert.strictEqual(dom.window.initialized, true);

  // Clicking element dispatches handler error to virtual console without throwing
  let clickThrew = false;
  try {
    dom.window.document.getElementById('btn').click();
  } catch {
    clickThrew = true;
  }
  assert.strictEqual(clickThrew, false);

  // Virtual console received both unhandled script exceptions
  assert.strictEqual(capturedErrors.length, 2);
  assert.strictEqual(capturedErrors[0].type, 'unhandled exception');
  assert.strictEqual(capturedErrors[0].detailName, 'TypeError');
  assert.strictEqual(capturedErrors[0].detailMessage, 'Initialization failed inside DOM script');

  assert.strictEqual(capturedErrors[1].type, 'unhandled exception');
  assert.strictEqual(capturedErrors[1].detailName, 'RangeError');
  assert.strictEqual(capturedErrors[1].detailMessage, 'Handler failed');
}

// 5. VirtualConsole: forwarding and filtering with sendTo
{
  const virtualConsole = new VirtualConsole();
  const forwardedCalls = [];

  const mockConsole = {
    log(...args) { forwardedCalls.push({ level: 'log', args }); },
    warn(...args) { forwardedCalls.push({ level: 'warn', args }); },
    error(...args) { forwardedCalls.push({ level: 'error', args }); }
  };

  virtualConsole.sendTo(mockConsole, { omitJSDOMErrors: true });

  new JSDOM(`
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
      <body>
        <script>
          console.log('App info message');
          console.warn('App warning message');
          console.error('App error message');
          throw new Error('Uncaught exception that should be omitted');
        </script>
      </body>
    </html>
  `, {
    runScripts: 'dangerously',
    virtualConsole
  });

  assert.strictEqual(forwardedCalls.length, 3);
  assert.deepStrictEqual(forwardedCalls[0], { level: 'log', args: ['App info message'] });
  assert.deepStrictEqual(forwardedCalls[1], { level: 'warn', args: ['App warning message'] });
  assert.deepStrictEqual(forwardedCalls[2], { level: 'error', args: ['App error message'] });
}