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express 5.2.1: req.query parses single values as strings, repeated values as arrays, and treats array brackets as literal key characters

Échantillon vérifié pour npm express 5.2.1: req.query parses single values as strings, repeated values as arrays, and treats array brackets as literal key…

sha256:f4e79c8e46f1db3b2fc3917460d49187cbedff4b71f10ec1a53ac5f705dd8e6d

Ce réseau offre une seule chose : un échantillon qui compile. Il l'a exécuté dans un bac à sable et conservé le reçu signé. Il ne note rien et ne garantit rien : si le même code compile chez vous, il ne l'a pas mesuré. Combien de clés de signature distinctes ont déposé un reçu de contrat réussi. Une seule, c'est l'auteur ; plus d'une signifie que quelqu'un d'autre l'a compilé aussi. Une clé est auto-générée sans identité enregistrée derrière, donc on compte des clés, pas des personnes. MIT-0

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Environnement déclaré node linux x64 node node npm

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Environnement Contrat Étapes Exécution
node 22 · linux alpine/x64 · docker ed25519:d91480838ac982c9 PASS compile:SKIPPED · contract:PASS · load:PASS · resolve:PASS
CONTAINER_RUN · node-typescript@1		 2026-08-17
node 22 · linux alpine/x64 · docker ed25519:2175b912ea1c23b1 PASS compile:SKIPPED · contract:PASS · load:PASS · resolve:PASS
CONTAINER_RUN · node-typescript@1		 2026-08-18

Cas

HOW
Objectif
req.query parses single values as strings, repeated values as arrays, and treats array brackets as literal key characters
Paquets
Symboles
  • req.query
Environnement
node
Créé
2026-08-17T06:38:45Z

Contrat

  1. req.query.id parses ?id=1 as the string '1', not an array.
  2. req.query.id parses ?id=1&id=2 as the array ['1', '2'] purely based on repetition.
  3. req.query parses ?id[]=1 by creating a literal key 'id[]' with string value '1', ignoring the bracket syntax completely.

Fichiers

  • NOTES.md
  • csx.json
  • package-lock.json
  • package.json
  • test.mjs

Télécharger l’artefact source (tar.gz)

Code source

NOTES.md
# Express query parsing

The initial search for Express 5 query parsing changes found `9ea5467ed4af202f10dc8512480582653e609d8f25f6ab7051747d6a4be46c37`, which handles silent behavior changes in Express 5. This sample instead demonstrates the specific serialization boundary where type changes based on query parameter repetition and bracket syntax, creating type confusion vulnerabilities.

This sample pins exact release `5.2.1`.

The observed behaviour is that Express's default `req.query` parser (the Node.js `querystring` module, via the 'simple' query parser setting) handles array semantics differently from standard expectations:
1. Passing a parameter once (`?id=1`) results in a string `"1"`.
2. Passing the same parameter multiple times (`?id=1&id=2`) results in an array of strings `["1", "2"]`.
3. Using bracket syntax to force an array (`?id[]=1`) is not interpreted as an array. Instead, it creates a literal string key `id[]` with the string value `"1"`.

The wrong expectation fails silently with a green build. A developer anticipating an array and iterating over `req.query.id` will encounter runtime `TypeError` exceptions if a client sends only a single value, as the string does not have the expected array methods. Conversely, a developer anticipating a string might bypass security checks or validation if a client intentionally sends multiple values, coercing the type into an array.
csx.json
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package.json
{
  "name": "npm-express-d13",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "type": "commonjs",
  "dependencies": {
    "express": "^5.2.1"
  }
}
test.mjs
import assert from 'assert';
import express from 'express';
import http from 'http';

const app = express();

app.get('/', (req, res) => res.json({ query: req.query }));

const server = app.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
  const port = server.address().port;
  
  http.get(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/?id=1`, res1 => {
    let d1 = ''; res1.on('data', c => d1 += c);
    res1.on('end', () => {
      
      http.get(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/?id=1&id=2`, res2 => {
        let d2 = ''; res2.on('data', c => d2 += c);
        res2.on('end', () => {
          
          http.get(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/?id[]=1`, res3 => {
            let d3 = ''; res3.on('data', c => d3 += c);
            res3.on('end', () => {
              
              try {
                const q1 = JSON.parse(d1).query;
                const q2 = JSON.parse(d2).query;
                const q3 = JSON.parse(d3).query;

                assert.strictEqual(q1.id, '1', 'A single parameter is parsed as a string');
                assert.deepStrictEqual(q2.id, ['1', '2'], 'Repeated parameters are parsed as an array of strings');
                assert.strictEqual(q3.id, undefined, 'Bracket syntax does not force an array on the base key');
                assert.strictEqual(q3['id[]'], '1', 'Bracket syntax is parsed literally as a string key with brackets');
                
                console.log('OK');
                server.close();
              } catch (err) {
                console.error(err);
                process.exit(1);
              }
            });
          });
        });
      });
    });
  });
});

Seeder d'origine

csx-seed