@rollup/plugin-commonjs 28.0.9: demonstrate ignoreGlobal behavior in @rollup/plugin-commonjs

# Notes: @rollup/plugin-commonjs ignoreGlobal Behavior

## Search Result
`search_known_solution` returned `NO_SAFE_MATCH` for `ignoreGlobal` under `pkg:npm/%40rollup/plugin-commonjs@28.0.9`. Existing samples covered `strictRequires`, `esmExternals`, `defaultIsModuleExports`, `ignoreTryCatch`, `ignoreDynamicRequires`, and `transformMixedEsModules`, but none covered the `ignoreGlobal` option.

## Naive Model Assumption
Developers and LLM code generators often assume that `@rollup/plugin-commonjs` leaves global variable references like Node's `global` untouched during CommonJS transformation, or conversely assume that `global` will always be provided at runtime by the environment.

## Failure Mode
By default (`ignoreGlobal: false`), `@rollup/plugin-commonjs` scans CommonJS modules for free `global` identifiers and rewrites them to a cross-environment `commonjsGlobal` helper that safely falls back across `globalThis`, `window`, `global`, `self`, or `{}`.
When `ignoreGlobal: true` is configured, this rewriting is completely skipped, preserving the literal identifier `global`. When the resulting bundle executes in strict environments or isolated sandboxes without a global identifier named `global`, code accessing `global` immediately throws `ReferenceError: global is not defined`.

Clean-room public code sample — generation instructions

Write a brand-new, minimal, self-contained code sample in this clean-room directory.
Do not copy, paraphrase, or reference any existing project source. Work only from this spec.

A csx.json manifest scaffold already exists. Do not recreate it from memory. Preserve its case.goal, packages and symbols; fill its empty case.contract with exact assertions and correct its environment, commands and verifierAdapter for the files you generate.

Goal: demonstrate ignoreGlobal behavior in @rollup/plugin-commonjs
Kind: HOW

Use EXACTLY these public packages and versions:
  - pkg:npm/%40rollup/plugin-commonjs@28.0.9
Demonstrate these symbols/APIs:
  - ignoreGlobal

Rules:
  - One focused purpose; the smallest project that proves the goal.
  - Include a contract test (test/contract.*) that runs OFFLINE and exits 0 exactly when the goal behavior works.
  - Pin every dependency with a lockfile so resolution is reproducible.
  - No secrets, credentials, or tokens. No real URLs (only example.com or localhost). No absolute paths.
  - No personal names, emails, company names, or project identifiers of any kind.
  - No binaries and no generated output (node_modules, dist, target, venv, .git, .env).
  - Keep it under 200 files and 256KB packed.

{"case":{"caseId":"case:sha256:46d3d024d325aaa7cdaaa8929548eb630790dde96d481685c837e2e7ff9d1321","contract":["External references to global in CommonJS modules are rewritten into a cross-environment commonjsGlobal preamble helper by default (ignoreGlobal: false).","The default commonjsGlobal preamble safely resolves to globalThis or fallback object, allowing property assignments in isolated contexts without a native global identifier.","Setting ignoreGlobal: true disables global rewriting, preserving literal global references in the bundle and omitting the commonjsGlobal preamble helper.","Evaluating bundle output with ignoreGlobal: true throws ReferenceError when executed in an isolated runtime context lacking a global identifier, whereas default ignoreGlobal: false succeeds."],"goal":"demonstrate ignoreGlobal behavior in @rollup/plugin-commonjs","kind":"HOW","packages":["pkg:npm/%40rollup/plugin-commonjs@28.0.9"],"schemaVersion":1,"symbols":["ignoreGlobal"]},"contractCommand":["node","test/contract.mjs"],"environment":{"arch":"x64","distro":"ubuntu","ecosystem":"npm","executionContext":"node","language":"javascript","libc":"glibc","libcVersion":"2.39","moduleSystem":"esm","os":"linux","osVersionBucket":"24","packageManager":"npm","packageManagerVersion":"10.9.8","runtime":"node","runtimeVersion":"22.23.2","schemaVersion":1},"license":"MIT-0","packages":["pkg:npm/%40rollup/plugin-commonjs@28.0.9"],"schemaVersion":1,"subject":"pkg:npm/%40rollup/plugin-commonjs@28.0.9","symbols":["ignoreGlobal"],"verifierAdapter":"node-typescript@1"}

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        "@rollup/rollup-linux-loongarch64-gnu": "4.34.8",
        "@rollup/rollup-linux-powerpc64le-gnu": "4.34.8",
        "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu": "4.34.8",
        "@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu": "4.34.8",
        "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu": "4.34.8",
        "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl": "4.34.8",
        "@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc": "4.34.8",
        "@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc": "4.34.8",
        "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc": "4.34.8",
        "fsevents": "~2.3.2"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/rollup/node_modules/@types/estree": {
      "version": "1.0.6",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/estree/-/estree-1.0.6.tgz",
      "integrity": "sha512-AYnb1nQyY49te+VRAVgmzfcgjYS91mY5P0TKUDCLEM+gNnA+3T6rWITXRLYCpahpqSQbN5cE+gHpnPyXjHWxcw==",
      "license": "MIT"
    }
  }
}

{
  "name": "sample-rollup-plugin-commonjs-ignore-global",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "type": "module",
  "license": "MIT-0",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "node test/contract.mjs"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@rollup/plugin-commonjs": "28.0.9",
    "rollup": "4.34.8"
  }
}

{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "goal": "demonstrate ignoreGlobal behavior in @rollup/plugin-commonjs",
  "kind": "HOW",
  "packages": [
    "pkg:npm/%40rollup/plugin-commonjs@28.0.9"
  ],
  "symbols": [
    "ignoreGlobal"
  ]
}

import * as rollup from 'rollup';
import commonjs from '@rollup/plugin-commonjs';

/**
 * Bundles a CommonJS entry module using Rollup and @rollup/plugin-commonjs.
 *
 * @param {string} entryCode - The CommonJS entry source code.
 * @param {object} [pluginOptions] - Options passed to @rollup/plugin-commonjs.
 * @param {object} [outputOptions] - Rollup output options (defaults to format: 'cjs').
 * @returns {Promise<{ code: string }>} Generated bundle output code.
 */
export async function bundleCommonJs(entryCode, pluginOptions = {}, outputOptions = {}) {
  const bundle = await rollup.rollup({
    input: 'entry.cjs',
    plugins: [
      {
        name: 'virtual-fixtures',
        resolveId(id) {
          if (id === 'entry.cjs') {
            return id;
          }
          return null;
        },
        load(id) {
          if (id === 'entry.cjs') {
            return entryCode;
          }
          return null;
        }
      },
      commonjs(pluginOptions)
    ]
  });

  const { output } = await bundle.generate({
    format: 'cjs',
    ...outputOptions
  });

  return { code: output[0].code };
}

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
import vm from 'node:vm';
import { bundleCommonJs } from '../src/index.js';

async function runContract() {
  const globalSetterFixture = `
module.exports = {
  setAndGet(key, value) {
    global[key] = value;
    return global[key];
  }
};
`;

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Contract Assertion 1:
  // External references to global in CommonJS modules are rewritten into a
  // cross-environment commonjsGlobal preamble helper by default (ignoreGlobal: false).
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  {
    const defaultResult = await bundleCommonJs(globalSetterFixture);
    assert.match(
      defaultResult.code,
      /var\s+commonjsGlobal\s*=\s*typeof\s+globalThis/,
      'assert @rollup/plugin-commonjs by default rewrites free references to global to commonjsGlobal helper'
    );
    assert.match(
      defaultResult.code,
      /commonjsGlobal\[key\]\s*=\s*value/,
      'assert member access on global is rewritten to commonjsGlobal[key]'
    );

    // Explicit ignoreGlobal: false behaves identically to default
    const explicitFalseResult = await bundleCommonJs(globalSetterFixture, { ignoreGlobal: false });
    assert.match(
      explicitFalseResult.code,
      /var\s+commonjsGlobal\s*=\s*typeof\s+globalThis/,
      'assert explicit ignoreGlobal: false includes commonjsGlobal preamble'
    );
  }

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Contract Assertion 2:
  // The default commonjsGlobal preamble safely resolves to globalThis or fallback
  // object, allowing property assignments in isolated contexts without a native global identifier.
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  {
    const defaultResult = await bundleCommonJs(globalSetterFixture);
    const sandbox = { globalThis: {}, module: {}, exports: {} };
    const context = vm.createContext(sandbox);
    vm.runInContext(defaultResult.code, context);

    const mod = sandbox.module.exports;
    const value = mod.setAndGet('sampleKey', 'sampleVal');
    assert.equal(
      value,
      'sampleVal',
      'assert commonjsGlobal resolves and executes safely in isolated context without global'
    );
    assert.equal(
      sandbox.globalThis.sampleKey,
      'sampleVal',
      'assert property assigned through commonjsGlobal is stored on globalThis'
    );
  }

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Contract Assertion 3:
  // Setting ignoreGlobal: true disables global rewriting, preserving literal
  // global references in the bundle and omitting the commonjsGlobal preamble helper.
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  {
    const ignoreResult = await bundleCommonJs(globalSetterFixture, { ignoreGlobal: true });
    assert.doesNotMatch(
      ignoreResult.code,
      /commonjsGlobal/,
      'assert setting ignoreGlobal: true omits commonjsGlobal preamble helper'
    );
    assert.match(
      ignoreResult.code,
      /global\[key\]\s*=\s*value/,
      'assert setting ignoreGlobal: true preserves literal global references in bundle output'
    );
  }

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Contract Assertion 4:
  // Evaluating bundle output with ignoreGlobal: true throws ReferenceError when
  // executed in an isolated runtime context lacking a global identifier, whereas
  // default ignoreGlobal: false succeeds.
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  {
    const ignoreResult = await bundleCommonJs(globalSetterFixture, { ignoreGlobal: true });
    const sandbox = { globalThis: {}, module: {}, exports: {} };
    const context = vm.createContext(sandbox);
    vm.runInContext(ignoreResult.code, context);

    const mod = sandbox.module.exports;
    assert.throws(
      () => {
        mod.setAndGet('sampleKey', 'sampleVal');
      },
      {
        name: 'ReferenceError',
        message: /global is not defined/
      },
      'assert execution with ignoreGlobal: true throws ReferenceError in context without global'
    );
  }

  console.log('All contract assertions passed successfully.');
}

runContract().catch((err) => {
  console.error('Contract failed:', err);
  process.exit(1);
});