示例
@rollup/plugin-commonjs 28.0.7: By default @rollup/plugin-commonjs renders external requires as default imports causing named exports to be inaccessible unless esmExternals is configured
已验证示例 — npm @rollup/plugin-commonjs 28.0.7: By default @rollup/plugin-commonjs renders external requires as default imports causing named exports to be…
sha256:4c5bf847bf0aa98a1bfd3b9919628d6ee74bd297513afb48edef8f7e4b2feb30
本网络只提供一件事：能构建的样本。它在沙箱中运行并保留签名回执。它不评级、不担保——同样的代码能否在你的环境构建，它没有测量过。
提交了通过的契约回执的不同签名密钥数量。为 1 表示只有作者；大于 1 表示还有其他人构建过。密钥是自行生成的，背后没有注册身份，因此计的是密钥而非人。
MIT-0
执行证据
声明的环境与签名的运行分开呈现，你可以看到这个样本究竟运行了什么、在哪里运行。
- 证据依据
- 签名契约通过
- 验证回执
- 1
- 构建过它的签名密钥
- 1
声明的环境
node linux 24 · ubuntu · glibc 2.39 x64 node node npm
验证运行环境
| 环境 | 契约 | 阶段 | 运行日期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| node 22 · linux debian/x64 · docker ed25519:c1973797be207ac4 | PASS | compile:SKIPPED · contract:PASS · load:PASS · resolve:PASS CONTAINER_RUN · node-typescript@1node:22@sha256:8a34c4ab3ea2… |
2026-09-03 |
案例
HOW- 目标
- By default @rollup/plugin-commonjs renders external requires as default imports causing named exports to be inaccessible unless esmExternals is configured
- 符号
-
- commonjs
- esmExternals
- 环境
- node
- 创建时间
- 2026-09-03T09:28:03Z
契约
- assert @rollup/plugin-commonjs with default esmExternals: false emits default imports for external dependencies, causing named exports to be inaccessible (undefined) when required from CommonJS
- assert setting esmExternals: true emits namespace imports for external dependencies, creating an augmented namespace that exposes both named exports and default export
- assert esmExternals accepts an array of package IDs to selectively emit namespace imports for specified ESM dependencies while leaving other externals as default imports
- assert esmExternals accepts a predicate function to dynamically determine which external dependencies are imported as ES module namespaces
文件
- NOTES.md
- PROMPT.md
- csx.json
- package-lock.json
- package.json
- spec.json
- test/contract.mjs
源代码
# Notes: Rollup CommonJS Plugin External ES Modules and esmExternals
## Search Result
`search_known_solution` returned `NO_SAFE_MATCH` for `@rollup/plugin-commonjs@28.0.7` with symbol `esmExternals`. Existing verified samples for this package covered `strictRequires`, `requireReturnsDefault`, and `transformMixedEsModules`, but none demonstrated how external dependencies are handled when required from CommonJS.
## Naive Model Assumption
A developer or coding model assumes that requiring an external ES module from a CommonJS module bundled with `@rollup/plugin-commonjs` preserves access to all exported symbols, including named exports (such as `const { helper } = require('external-pkg')`).
## Failure Mode
By default (`esmExternals: false`), `@rollup/plugin-commonjs` assumes all external dependencies are CommonJS and generates an unknown require proxy that emits only a default import (`export { default } from 'external-pkg'`). When the external ES module defines named exports, attempting to access them in CommonJS evaluates to `undefined`, causing silent functional failures or runtime `TypeError` when calling functions. Enabling `esmExternals: true` (or passing an array of IDs or a predicate function) switches the proxy to import the ES module namespace and wraps it in an augmented namespace, making both named exports and default exports accessible.
Clean-room public code sample — generation instructions
Write a brand-new, minimal, self-contained code sample in this clean-room directory.
Do not copy, paraphrase, or reference any existing project source. Work only from this spec.
A csx.json manifest scaffold already exists. Do not recreate it from memory. Preserve its case.goal, packages and symbols; fill its empty case.contract with exact assertions and correct its environment, commands and verifierAdapter for the files you generate.
Goal: By default @rollup/plugin-commonjs renders external requires as default imports causing named exports to be inaccessible unless esmExternals is configured
Kind: HOW
Use EXACTLY these public packages and versions:
- pkg:npm/%40rollup/plugin-commonjs@28.0.7
- pkg:npm/rollup@4.34.8
Demonstrate these symbols/APIs:
- commonjs
- esmExternals
Rules:
- One focused purpose; the smallest project that proves the goal.
- Include a contract test (test/contract.*) that runs OFFLINE and exits 0 exactly when the goal behavior works.
- Pin every dependency with a lockfile so resolution is reproducible.
- No secrets, credentials, or tokens. No real URLs (only example.com or localhost). No absolute paths.
- No personal names, emails, company names, or project identifiers of any kind.
- No binaries and no generated output (node_modules, dist, target, venv, .git, .env).
- Keep it under 200 files and 256KB packed.
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"integrity": "sha512-qcJu88Q2IWqJsDD529JKMdwGm/dvInW4HvQnRwiH9JtihJvzGOscDtHE3x1pBKeUOTysQ8kVmLnJ2kJu7yhcGA==",
"license": "MIT",
"engines": {
"node": ">=12"
},
"funding": {
"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/jonschlinkert"
}
},
"node_modules/rollup": {
"version": "4.34.8",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rollup/-/rollup-4.34.8.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-489gTVMzAYdiZHFVA/ig/iYFllCcWFHMvUHI1rpFmkoUtRlQxqh6/yiNqnYibjMZ2b/+FUQwldG+aLsEt6bglQ==",
"license": "MIT",
"dependencies": {
"@types/estree": "1.0.6"
},
"bin": {
"rollup": "dist/bin/rollup"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">=18.0.0",
"npm": ">=8.0.0"
},
"optionalDependencies": {
"@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-android-arm64": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-linux-loongarch64-gnu": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-linux-powerpc64le-gnu": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc": "4.34.8",
"@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc": "4.34.8",
"fsevents": "~2.3.2"
}
},
"node_modules/rollup/node_modules/@types/estree": {
"version": "1.0.6",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/estree/-/estree-1.0.6.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-AYnb1nQyY49te+VRAVgmzfcgjYS91mY5P0TKUDCLEM+gNnA+3T6rWITXRLYCpahpqSQbN5cE+gHpnPyXjHWxcw==",
"license": "MIT"
}
}
}
{
"name": "npm-rollup-plugin-commonjs-esm-externals",
"version": "1.0.0",
"license": "MIT-0",
"type": "module",
"scripts": {
"test": "node test/contract.mjs"
},
"dependencies": {
"@rollup/plugin-commonjs": "28.0.7",
"rollup": "4.34.8"
}
}
{
"schemaVersion": 1,
"goal": "By default @rollup/plugin-commonjs renders external requires as default imports causing named exports to be inaccessible unless esmExternals is configured",
"kind": "HOW",
"packages": [
"pkg:npm/%40rollup/plugin-commonjs@28.0.7",
"pkg:npm/rollup@4.34.8"
],
"symbols": [
"commonjs",
"esmExternals"
]
}
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
import { rollup } from 'rollup';
import commonjs from '@rollup/plugin-commonjs';
import fs from 'node:fs';
import path from 'node:path';
import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
const __dirname = path.dirname(__filename);
const projectRoot = path.resolve(__dirname, '..');
async function runContract() {
const mockModuleDir = path.join(projectRoot, 'node_modules', 'mock-external-esm');
fs.mkdirSync(mockModuleDir, { recursive: true });
fs.writeFileSync(
path.join(mockModuleDir, 'package.json'),
JSON.stringify({
name: 'mock-external-esm',
version: '1.0.0',
type: 'module',
exports: './index.js'
})
);
fs.writeFileSync(
path.join(mockModuleDir, 'index.js'),
`export const version = '1.0.0';
export const helper = function() { return 'helped'; };
export default { defaultKey: 'defaultValue' };`
);
const mockOtherDir = path.join(projectRoot, 'node_modules', 'mock-other-pkg');
fs.mkdirSync(mockOtherDir, { recursive: true });
fs.writeFileSync(
path.join(mockOtherDir, 'package.json'),
JSON.stringify({
name: 'mock-other-pkg',
version: '1.0.0',
main: './index.js'
})
);
fs.writeFileSync(
path.join(mockOtherDir, 'index.js'),
`module.exports = { otherVal: 'from-other-cjs' };`
);
const virtualEntry = {
name: 'virtual-entry',
resolveId(id) {
if (id === 'entry-cjs.cjs') return id;
},
load(id) {
if (id === 'entry-cjs.cjs') {
return `
const ext = require('mock-external-esm');
const other = require('mock-other-pkg');
module.exports = { ext, other };
`;
}
}
};
const tmpFiles = [];
try {
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Contract Assertion 1:
// By default (esmExternals: false), @rollup/plugin-commonjs treats external
// dependencies as CommonJS default imports, causing named exports from
// external ES modules to be inaccessible (undefined) when required from CommonJS.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
const defaultBundle = await rollup({
input: 'entry-cjs.cjs',
external: ['mock-external-esm', 'mock-other-pkg'],
plugins: [virtualEntry, commonjs()]
});
const { output: defaultOutput } = await defaultBundle.generate({ format: 'es' });
const defaultCode = defaultOutput[0].code;
assert.match(
defaultCode,
/import\s+require\$\$\d+\s+from\s+['"]mock-external-esm['"];/,
'assert @rollup/plugin-commonjs with default esmExternals: false emits default imports for external dependencies, causing named exports to be inaccessible (undefined) when required from CommonJS'
);
const tmpDefault = path.join(projectRoot, '.tmp-contract-default.mjs');
tmpFiles.push(tmpDefault);
fs.writeFileSync(tmpDefault, defaultCode);
const modDefault = (await import(`file://${tmpDefault.replace(/\\/g, '/')}`)).default;
assert.equal(
typeof modDefault.ext.helper,
'undefined',
'Named export is undefined when required from CommonJS under default esmExternals: false'
);
assert.equal(
modDefault.ext.defaultKey,
'defaultValue',
'Default export remains accessible through default import proxy'
);
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Contract Assertion 2:
// Setting esmExternals: true renders external dependencies as namespace
// imports wrapped in an augmented namespace, exposing both named and default exports.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
const esmBundle = await rollup({
input: 'entry-cjs.cjs',
external: ['mock-external-esm', 'mock-other-pkg'],
plugins: [virtualEntry, commonjs({ esmExternals: true })]
});
const { output: esmOutput } = await esmBundle.generate({ format: 'es' });
const esmCode = esmOutput[0].code;
assert.match(
esmCode,
/import\s+\*\s+as\s+mockExternalEsm\s+from\s+['"]mock-external-esm['"];/,
'assert setting esmExternals: true emits namespace imports for external dependencies, creating an augmented namespace that exposes both named exports and default export'
);
const tmpEsm = path.join(projectRoot, '.tmp-contract-esm.mjs');
tmpFiles.push(tmpEsm);
fs.writeFileSync(tmpEsm, esmCode);
const modEsm = (await import(`file://${tmpEsm.replace(/\\/g, '/')}`)).default;
assert.equal(
typeof modEsm.ext.helper,
'function',
'Named exports are accessible from augmented namespace when esmExternals is true'
);
assert.equal(modEsm.ext.helper(), 'helped');
assert.equal(modEsm.ext.version, '1.0.0');
assert.deepEqual(modEsm.ext.default, { defaultKey: 'defaultValue' });
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Contract Assertion 3:
// esmExternals accepts an array of package IDs to selectively emit namespace
// imports for specified ESM dependencies while leaving other externals as default imports.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
const selectiveBundle = await rollup({
input: 'entry-cjs.cjs',
external: ['mock-external-esm', 'mock-other-pkg'],
plugins: [virtualEntry, commonjs({ esmExternals: ['mock-external-esm'] })]
});
const { output: selectiveOutput } = await selectiveBundle.generate({ format: 'es' });
const selectiveCode = selectiveOutput[0].code;
assert.match(
selectiveCode,
/import\s+\*\s+as\s+mockExternalEsm\s+from\s+['"]mock-external-esm['"];/,
'assert esmExternals accepts an array of package IDs to selectively emit namespace imports for specified ESM dependencies while leaving other externals as default imports'
);
assert.match(
selectiveCode,
/import\s+require\$\$\d+\s+from\s+['"]mock-other-pkg['"];/,
'Non-targeted external module remains a default import'
);
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Contract Assertion 4:
// esmExternals accepts a predicate function to dynamically determine which
// external dependencies are imported as ES module namespaces.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
const fnBundle = await rollup({
input: 'entry-cjs.cjs',
external: ['mock-external-esm', 'mock-other-pkg'],
plugins: [
virtualEntry,
commonjs({
esmExternals: (id) => id.includes('external-esm')
})
]
});
const { output: fnOutput } = await fnBundle.generate({ format: 'es' });
const fnCode = fnOutput[0].code;
assert.match(
fnCode,
/import\s+\*\s+as\s+mockExternalEsm\s+from\s+['"]mock-external-esm['"];/,
'assert esmExternals accepts a predicate function to dynamically determine which external dependencies are imported as ES module namespaces'
);
assert.match(
fnCode,
/import\s+require\$\$\d+\s+from\s+['"]mock-other-pkg['"];/,
'Predicate returning false renders default import'
);
console.log('All contract assertions passed successfully.');
} finally {
for (const f of tmpFiles) {
if (fs.existsSync(f)) {
fs.unlinkSync(f);
}
}
if (fs.existsSync(mockModuleDir)) {
fs.rmSync(mockModuleDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
}
if (fs.existsSync(mockOtherDir)) {
fs.rmSync(mockOtherDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
}
}
}
runContract().catch((err) => {
console.error('Contract failed:', err);
process.exit(1);
});
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