@babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs 7.29.7: transform ES module import and export to CommonJS format using @babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs

Clean-room public code sample — generation instructions

Write a brand-new, minimal, self-contained code sample in this clean-room directory.
Do not copy, paraphrase, or reference any existing project source. Work only from this spec.

A csx.json manifest scaffold already exists. Do not recreate it from memory. Preserve its case.goal, packages and symbols; fill its empty case.contract with exact assertions and correct its environment, commands and verifierAdapter for the files you generate.

Goal: transform ES module import and export to CommonJS format using @babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs
Kind: HOW

Use EXACTLY these public packages and versions:
  - pkg:npm/%40babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs@7.29.7
Demonstrate these symbols/APIs:
  - default
Constraints:
  - executionContext: node
Required runtime conditions:
  - ecosystem: npm
  - language: javascript
  - moduleSystem: cjs
  - packageManager: npm@10.9.8
  - runtime: node@22.23.2

Rules:
  - One focused purpose; the smallest project that proves the goal.
  - Include a contract test (test/contract.*) that runs OFFLINE and exits 0 exactly when the goal behavior works.
  - Pin every dependency with a lockfile so resolution is reproducible.
  - No secrets, credentials, or tokens. No real URLs (only example.com or localhost). No absolute paths.
  - No personal names, emails, company names, or project identifiers of any kind.
  - No binaries and no generated output (node_modules, dist, target, venv, .git, .env).
  - Keep it under 200 files and 256KB packed.

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{
  "name": "sample-babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "node test/contract.mjs"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs": "7.29.7"
  }
}

{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "goal": "transform ES module import and export to CommonJS format using @babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs",
  "kind": "HOW",
  "packages": [
    "pkg:npm/%40babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs@7.29.7"
  ],
  "symbols": [
    "default"
  ],
  "constraints": {
    "executionContext": "node"
  },
  "runtimeConditions": {
    "ecosystem": "npm",
    "language": "javascript",
    "moduleSystem": "cjs",
    "packageManager": "npm@10.9.8",
    "runtime": "node@22.23.2"
  }
}

import * as babel from '@babel/core';
import transformModulesCommonjsPlugin from '@babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs';

/**
 * Creates an instance of the Babel CommonJS module transform plugin.
 * @param {object} [api] - Babel plugin API object (types, template, etc.).
 * @param {object} [options] - Plugin configuration options (loose, strict, strictMode, noInterop, etc.).
 * @returns {object} Babel plugin instance object.
 */
export function createTransformModulesCommonjsPlugin(api, options = {}) {
  const plugin = transformModulesCommonjsPlugin.default || transformModulesCommonjsPlugin;
  const babelApi = api || {
    types: babel.types,
    template: babel.template,
    traverse: babel.traverse,
    assertVersion: (range) => Boolean(range)
  };
  return plugin(babelApi, options);
}

/**
 * Transforms JavaScript code using @babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs.
 * @param {string} source - ES module source code.
 * @param {object} [pluginOptions] - Options passed to the plugin.
 * @param {object} [babelOptions] - Additional Babel transformSync options.
 * @returns {import('@babel/core').BabelFileResult} Babel transform result.
 */
export function transformModulesCommonjs(source, pluginOptions = {}, babelOptions = {}) {
  const plugin = transformModulesCommonjsPlugin.default || transformModulesCommonjsPlugin;
  return babel.transformSync(source, {
    plugins: [[plugin, pluginOptions]],
    configFile: false,
    babelrc: false,
    ...babelOptions
  });
}

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
import * as babel from '@babel/core';
import transformModulesCommonjsPlugin from '@babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs';
import { createTransformModulesCommonjsPlugin, transformModulesCommonjs } from '../src/index.mjs';

// 1. Plugin default export is a function factory asserting Babel version 7
const plugin = transformModulesCommonjsPlugin.default || transformModulesCommonjsPlugin;
assert.equal(typeof plugin, 'function', 'Plugin default export must be a function');

let assertedVersionRange = null;
const mockApi = {
  types: babel.types,
  template: babel.template,
  traverse: babel.traverse,
  assertVersion(range) {
    assertedVersionRange = range;
  }
};
const instance = plugin(mockApi, {});
assert.equal(assertedVersionRange, 7, 'Plugin must assert Babel version 7');

// 2. Plugin factory returns a plugin object named transform-modules-commonjs with Program visitor
assert.equal(typeof instance, 'object', 'Plugin factory must return an object');
assert.equal(instance.name, 'transform-modules-commonjs', 'Plugin name must be transform-modules-commonjs');
assert.ok(instance.visitor && typeof instance.visitor.Program === 'object', 'Plugin must define Program visitor');

// 3. Transforms ES named import and export declarations into CommonJS require and exports
const codeNamed = `
import { add, PI } from './math';
export const result = add(PI, 10);
`;
const resultNamed = transformModulesCommonjs(codeNamed);
assert.ok(resultNamed.code.includes('require("./math")'), 'Must transform named import to require');
assert.ok(resultNamed.code.includes('exports.result = void 0;'), 'Must initialize export property');
assert.ok(resultNamed.code.includes('exports.result ='), 'Must assign to exports.result');
assert.ok(resultNamed.code.includes('Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule"'), 'Must define __esModule property');

// 4. Transforms default import and default export declarations with interop helper
const codeDefault = `
import logger from './logger';
export default function run() {
  return logger('ready');
}
`;
const resultDefault = transformModulesCommonjs(codeDefault);
assert.ok(resultDefault.code.includes('_interopRequireDefault'), 'Must include _interopRequireDefault helper for default import');
assert.ok(resultDefault.code.includes('exports.default = run;'), 'Must export default function on exports.default');

// 5. Emits simple assignment exports and __esModule flag when loose option is true
const codeLoose = `
export const version = '1.0.0';
export function getVersion() { return version; }
`;
const resultLoose = transformModulesCommonjs(codeLoose, { loose: true });
assert.ok(resultLoose.code.includes('exports.__esModule = true;'), 'Loose mode must assign exports.__esModule directly');
assert.ok(resultLoose.code.includes('exports.getVersion = getVersion;'), 'Loose mode must assign functions directly to exports');
assert.ok(resultLoose.code.includes('exports.version = void 0;'), 'Loose mode must declare export variables');

// 6. Omits use strict directive when strictMode option is false
const codeNoStrict = `
export const greeting = 'hello';
`;
const resultNoStrict = transformModulesCommonjs(codeNoStrict, { strictMode: false });
assert.ok(!resultNoStrict.code.startsWith('"use strict";'), 'strictMode: false must omit "use strict" directive');
assert.ok(resultNoStrict.code.includes('exports.greeting ='), 'Must still export greeting');

// 7. Omits __esModule export definition when strict option is true
const codeStrict = `
export const key = 'secret';
`;
const resultStrict = transformModulesCommonjs(codeStrict, { strict: true });
assert.ok(!resultStrict.code.includes('__esModule'), 'strict: true must omit __esModule flag definition');
assert.ok(resultStrict.code.includes('exports.key ='), 'Must still export key');

// 8. Imports default export without interop helper when noInterop option is true
const codeNoInterop = `
import helper from './helper';
const val = helper();
`;
const resultNoInterop = transformModulesCommonjs(codeNoInterop, { noInterop: true });
assert.ok(!resultNoInterop.code.includes('_interopRequireDefault'), 'noInterop: true must not emit interop helper');
assert.ok(resultNoInterop.code.includes('var _helper = require("./helper");'), 'noInterop: true must use direct require');

// 9. Transforms re-export named and re-export star declarations into dynamic getters on exports
const codeReExport = `
export { itemA, itemB as renamedB } from './items';
export * from './all';
`;
const resultReExport = transformModulesCommonjs(codeReExport);
assert.ok(resultReExport.code.includes('require("./items")'), 'Must require re-exported module');
assert.ok(resultReExport.code.includes('require("./all")'), 'Must require wildcard module');
assert.ok(resultReExport.code.includes('Object.defineProperty(exports, "itemA"'), 'Must define getter for itemA');
assert.ok(resultReExport.code.includes('Object.defineProperty(exports, "renamedB"'), 'Must define getter for renamedB');

// 10. Transforms side-effect only imports into plain require calls
const codeSideEffect = `
import './polyfills';
`;
const resultSideEffect = transformModulesCommonjs(codeSideEffect);
assert.ok(resultSideEffect.code.includes('require("./polyfills");'), 'Must transform side-effect import to require');

// Helper function verification
const helperPluginInstance = createTransformModulesCommonjsPlugin();
assert.equal(helperPluginInstance.name, 'transform-modules-commonjs', 'Helper createTransformModulesCommonjsPlugin must return valid plugin');

console.log('Contract assertions passed.');