chrono 0.4.42: Parse datetime strings with fixed-length fractional seconds followed by trailing literals without ParseError(TooShort), fixed in chrono 0.4.42

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[dependencies]
chrono = { version = "=0.4.42", default-features = false, features = ["std", "clock", "alloc"] }

# Chrono Bugfix Release Verification: Fixed-Length Second Fraction Parsing

## Prior Known Solutions Found
During the initial search using `search_known_solution`, the following samples for `pkg:cargo/chrono` were returned from the CodeSampleX cache:
- `sha256:861889cfdd0a5dd5ceeb51b6ec6359baf342d7c5c30f7d1fbc598a53e175fac2`: Gating chrono features without default features (`clock`, `serde`, `Utc::now`).
- `sha256:bb53a07e8a52f98a3d5f6b3a0c79b1070e860b17949e852a6e2f2c015657ec3f`: Chrono non-deprecated constructors and month arithmetic clamping behavior.

Neither sample tests or proves a specific bugfix release boundary.

---

## Release Identification
- **Package**: `chrono` (crates.io / cargo)
- **Fixed Release**: `0.4.42`
- **Broken Releases**: `0.4.41` (and earlier 0.4.x versions such as `0.4.38`)
- **Release Notes Reference**: `chronotope/chrono` GitHub Release `v0.4.42` notes:
  > - Fix incorrect parsing of fixed-length second fractions by @chris-leach in [#1705](https://github.com/chronotope/chrono/pull/1705)
- **Related Issue**: Issue [#1592](https://github.com/chronotope/chrono/issues/1592) (*"Err(ParseError(TooShort)) when parsing datetime with trailing 0"*).

---

## What Was Wrong Before (Chrono <= 0.4.41)
When parsing date or time strings containing fixed-length fractional second specifiers (e.g. `%.6f`, `%.3f`, `%.9f`) followed immediately by literal characters (such as `"0"` in format `"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.6f0"` against input `"2024-06-03 20:02:48.6800000"`), the fractional second parser improperly matched the input string boundaries.

Instead of consuming only the specified fixed number of fractional digits and allowing the remaining string to match subsequent format tokens, the parser failed with:
```rust
Err(ParseError(TooShort))
```
Every assertion attempting to parse fixed-length fractions with trailing characters fails on Chrono <= 0.4.41.

---

## What the Fixed Release Does (Chrono >= 0.4.42)
Chrono 0.4.42 correctly parses exactly the requested fixed number of fractional digits and passes the remaining stream to subsequent format items.

Given:
```rust
let parsed = NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(
    "2024-06-03 20:02:48.6800000",
    "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.6f0",
);
```
Chrono 0.4.42 returns:
```rust
Ok(2024-06-03T20:02:48.680)
```

---

## Failure Mode on Broken Versions
The broken version (`chrono = "=0.4.41"`) **fails loudly** at test execution time:
- The parser returns `Err(ParseError(TooShort))` instead of `Ok(...)`.
- `parsed.expect(...)` panics with message:
  ```text
  thread 'test_fixed_length_6_fraction_with_trailing_literal' panicked at src/lib.rs:17:16:
  parsing fixed 6-digit nanosecond fraction followed by literal character should succeed: ParseError(TooShort)
  ```
- All 3 contract test cases fail with exit code `101`.

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#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use chrono::{NaiveDate, NaiveDateTime, NaiveTime};

    #[test]
    fn test_fixed_length_6_fraction_with_trailing_literal() {
        let parsed = NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(
            "2024-06-03 20:02:48.6800000",
            "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.6f0",
        );
        let expected = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2024, 6, 3)
            .unwrap()
            .and_hms_micro_opt(20, 2, 48, 680_000)
            .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            parsed.expect("parsing fixed 6-digit nanosecond fraction followed by literal character should succeed"),
            expected
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fixed_length_3_fraction_with_trailing_literal() {
        let parsed = NaiveTime::parse_from_str(
            "20:02:48.1234",
            "%H:%M:%S%.3f4",
        );
        let expected = NaiveTime::from_hms_milli_opt(20, 2, 48, 123).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            parsed.expect("parsing fixed 3-digit millisecond fraction followed by literal character should succeed"),
            expected
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fixed_length_9_fraction_with_trailing_literal() {
        let parsed = NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(
            "2024-06-03 20:02:48.1234567890",
            "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.9f0",
        );
        let expected = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2024, 6, 3)
            .unwrap()
            .and_hms_nano_opt(20, 2, 48, 123_456_789)
            .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            parsed.expect("parsing fixed 9-digit nanosecond fraction followed by literal character should succeed"),
            expected
        );
    }
}