샘플
@rollup/plugin-commonjs 28.0.9: Enabling @rollup/plugin-commonjs leaves require calls untransformed in files with ES imports unless transformMixedEsModules is explicitly set to true.
검증된 샘플 — npm @rollup/plugin-commonjs 28.0.9: Enabling @rollup/plugin-commonjs leaves require calls untransformed in files with ES imports unless…
sha256:7d74520bd3cbe8b4027fdaefc8257db0bff3f5ebbd8644dd0d7d9f76b692bcdb
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통과한 계약 영수증을 낸 서로 다른 서명 키의 수입니다. 하나면 작성자 혼자이고, 둘 이상이면 다른 사람도 빌드했다는 뜻입니다. 키는 스스로 만드는 것이고 뒤에 등록된 신원이 없으므로, 세는 것은 사람이 아니라 키입니다.
MIT-0
실행 증거
선언된 환경과 서명된 실행을 분리해 두었습니다. 이 샘플이 무엇을 어디서 실행했는지 그대로 볼 수 있습니다.
- 증거 기준
- 서명된 컨트랙트 통과
- 검증 영수증
- 2
- 빌드한 서명 키
- 2
선언된 환경
node linux x64 node node npm
검증 실행 환경
| 환경 | 컨트랙트 | 단계 | 실행일 |
|---|---|---|---|
| node 22 · linux alpine/x64 · docker ed25519:d91480838ac982c9 | PASS | compile:SKIPPED · contract:PASS · load:PASS · resolve:PASS CONTAINER_RUN · node-typescript@1 |
2026-08-16 |
| node 22 · linux alpine/x64 · docker ed25519:2175b912ea1c23b1 | PASS | compile:SKIPPED · contract:PASS · load:PASS · resolve:PASS CONTAINER_RUN · node-typescript@1 |
2026-08-18 |
케이스
HOW- 목표
- Enabling @rollup/plugin-commonjs leaves require calls untransformed in files with ES imports unless transformMixedEsModules is explicitly set to true.
- 심벌
-
- commonjs
- transformMixedEsModules
- requireReturnsDefault
- 환경
- node
- 생성일
- 2026-08-16T15:41:35Z
컨트랙트
- assert @rollup/plugin-commonjs without transformMixedEsModules leaves require calls untransformed in files containing ES imports, producing runtime ReferenceError in ESM output
- assert transformMixedEsModules: true converts require calls into bundled CommonJS helper invocations in mixed ESM/CJS files
- assert requireReturnsDefault defaults to false, returning an augmented namespace object with __esModule marker rather than unwrapping default export directly when CJS requires ESM
- assert requireReturnsDefault: 'auto' unwraps the default export directly when an ES module has no named exports, but returns the namespace object if named exports are present
파일
- NOTES.md
- csx.json
- package-lock.json
- package.json
- test/contract.mjs
소스
# Notes: Rollup CommonJS Plugin Mixed Modules and ESM Interop
## Search Result
`search_known_solution` returned existing sample `sha256:6bd9e4aeb00bbe86cb0245f6c6955ae8ec7421dba24da3b8401f6307646e0ad8`, which addresses Rollup external module handling and `output.interop: 'auto'`. This sample covers a different trap: `@rollup/plugin-commonjs`'s handling of mixed ES/CJS modules via `transformMixedEsModules` and the default behavior of `requireReturnsDefault`.
## Naive Model Assumption
A developer or coding model assumes that adding `@rollup/plugin-commonjs` to a Rollup config automatically detects and transforms all `require()` calls into static bundle imports. Similarly, when a CommonJS module requires an ES module, developers expect `requireReturnsDefault` to default to `'auto'` or unwrapping the default export directly.
## Failure Mode
It fails silently with a green build: Rollup compiles without errors or warnings, but leaves literal `require()` calls inside mixed ESM files. At runtime under ESM, execution immediately crashes with `ReferenceError: require is not defined in ES module scope`. Additionally, requiring an ES module from CJS returns an augmented namespace object `{ __esModule: true, default: ... }` rather than the default export, causing unexpected object structures or `TypeError` when invoking exported functions.
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{
"name": "npm-rollup-plugin-commonjs-api",
"version": "1.0.0",
"type": "module",
"scripts": {
"test": "node test/contract.mjs"
},
"dependencies": {
"@rollup/plugin-commonjs": "^28.0.2",
"rollup": "^4.34.8"
}
}
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
import { rollup } from 'rollup';
import commonjs from '@rollup/plugin-commonjs';
import fs from 'node:fs';
import path from 'node:path';
import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
const __dirname = path.dirname(__filename);
const projectRoot = path.resolve(__dirname, '..');
async function runContract() {
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Contract Line 1 (Core Finding):
// @rollup/plugin-commonjs by default (transformMixedEsModules: false) skips
// transforming require() in files containing ES import/export statements,
// leaving literal `require()` in ESM output and throwing ReferenceError at runtime.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
const mixedModulePlugin = {
name: 'virtual-mixed-modules',
resolveId(id) {
if (id === 'entry-mixed.js' || id === './helper-esm.js' || id === './dep-cjs.cjs') return id;
},
load(id) {
if (id === 'entry-mixed.js') {
return `import { prefix } from './helper-esm.js';
const dep = require('./dep-cjs.cjs');
export const message = prefix + ': ' + dep.value;`;
}
if (id === './helper-esm.js') {
return `export const prefix = 'STATUS';`;
}
if (id === './dep-cjs.cjs') {
return `module.exports = { value: 'operational' };`;
}
}
};
const defaultBundle = await rollup({
input: 'entry-mixed.js',
plugins: [mixedModulePlugin, commonjs()]
});
const { output: defaultOutput } = await defaultBundle.generate({ format: 'es' });
const defaultCode = defaultOutput[0].code;
// Untransformed require remains in the ESM bundle output
assert.match(
defaultCode,
/const\s+dep\s*=\s*require\(['"]\.\/dep-cjs\.cjs['"]\)/,
'assert @rollup/plugin-commonjs without transformMixedEsModules leaves require calls untransformed in files containing ES imports, producing runtime ReferenceError in ESM output'
);
// Executing the untransformed ESM bundle in Node throws ReferenceError: require is not defined
const tmpDefaultOut = path.join(projectRoot, '.tmp-mixed-default.mjs');
fs.writeFileSync(tmpDefaultOut, defaultCode);
await assert.rejects(
async () => {
await import(`file://${tmpDefaultOut.replace(/\\/g, '/')}`);
},
{
name: 'ReferenceError'
},
'Executing untransformed mixed bundle in ESM throws ReferenceError: require is not defined'
);
fs.unlinkSync(tmpDefaultOut);
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Contract Line 2:
// Enabling transformMixedEsModules: true transforms require() into bundled CJS wrappers.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
const transformedBundle = await rollup({
input: 'entry-mixed.js',
plugins: [mixedModulePlugin, commonjs({ transformMixedEsModules: true })]
});
const { output: transformedOutput } = await transformedBundle.generate({ format: 'es' });
const transformedCode = transformedOutput[0].code;
// The require call has been rewritten to invoke the generated CommonJS helper function
assert.doesNotMatch(
transformedCode,
/require\(['"]\.\/dep-cjs\.cjs['"]\)/,
'assert transformMixedEsModules: true converts require calls into bundled CommonJS helper invocations in mixed ESM/CJS files'
);
const tmpTransformedOut = path.join(projectRoot, '.tmp-mixed-transformed.mjs');
fs.writeFileSync(tmpTransformedOut, transformedCode);
const transformedMod = await import(`file://${tmpTransformedOut.replace(/\\/g, '/')}`);
fs.unlinkSync(tmpTransformedOut);
assert.equal(
transformedMod.message,
'STATUS: operational',
'Mixed module executes successfully when transformMixedEsModules is enabled'
);
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Contract Line 3:
// requireReturnsDefault defaults to false, which wraps required ES modules
// in an augmented namespace object with __esModule rather than unwrapping default export.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
const esmInteropPlugin = {
name: 'virtual-esm-interop',
resolveId(id) {
if (id === 'entry-cjs-caller.cjs' || id === './esm-default-obj.js' || id === './esm-with-named.js') return id;
},
load(id) {
if (id === 'entry-cjs-caller.cjs') {
return `const defObj = require('./esm-default-obj.js');
const withNamed = require('./esm-with-named.js');
module.exports = { defObj, withNamed };`;
}
if (id === './esm-default-obj.js') {
return `export default { configKey: 'configValue' };`;
}
if (id === './esm-with-named.js') {
return `export default { libKey: 'libValue' };
export const helper = 'helperValue';`;
}
}
};
const cjsInteropBundle = await rollup({
input: 'entry-cjs-caller.cjs',
plugins: [esmInteropPlugin, commonjs()]
});
const { output: cjsInteropOutput } = await cjsInteropBundle.generate({ format: 'es' });
const cjsInteropCode = cjsInteropOutput[0].code;
const tmpInteropOut = path.join(projectRoot, '.tmp-interop-default.mjs');
fs.writeFileSync(tmpInteropOut, cjsInteropCode);
const interopMod = (await import(`file://${tmpInteropOut.replace(/\\/g, '/')}`)).default;
fs.unlinkSync(tmpInteropOut);
// Naive expectation: defObj is directly { configKey: 'configValue' }.
// Actual behavior under requireReturnsDefault: false: defObj is an augmented namespace with __esModule: true and .default.
assert.equal(
interopMod.defObj.__esModule,
true,
'assert requireReturnsDefault defaults to false, returning an augmented namespace object with __esModule marker rather than unwrapping default export directly when CJS requires ESM'
);
assert.deepEqual(
interopMod.defObj.default,
{ configKey: 'configValue' },
'Exported object is wrapped under .default on the augmented namespace'
);
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Contract Line 4:
// requireReturnsDefault: 'auto' unwraps default export directly ONLY IF
// there are no named exports; adding named exports returns the namespace object.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
const cjsAutoBundle = await rollup({
input: 'entry-cjs-caller.cjs',
plugins: [esmInteropPlugin, commonjs({ requireReturnsDefault: 'auto' })]
});
const { output: cjsAutoOutput } = await cjsAutoBundle.generate({ format: 'es' });
const cjsAutoCode = cjsAutoOutput[0].code;
const tmpAutoOut = path.join(projectRoot, '.tmp-interop-auto.mjs');
fs.writeFileSync(tmpAutoOut, cjsAutoCode);
const autoMod = (await import(`file://${tmpAutoOut.replace(/\\/g, '/')}`)).default;
fs.unlinkSync(tmpAutoOut);
// For esm-default-obj.js (default export only): unwrapped directly to the object without __esModule wrapper
assert.deepEqual(
autoMod.defObj,
{ configKey: 'configValue' },
'assert requireReturnsDefault: "auto" unwraps the default export directly when an ES module has no named exports, but returns the namespace object if named exports are present'
);
assert.equal(
autoMod.defObj.__esModule,
undefined,
'Unwrapped default export has no __esModule marker added'
);
// For esm-with-named.js (has named export alongside default): returned as namespace object
assert.equal(
autoMod.withNamed.helper,
'helperValue',
'Named export is accessible on namespace object'
);
assert.deepEqual(
autoMod.withNamed.default,
{ libKey: 'libValue' },
'Default export remains under .default property when named exports exist'
);
console.log('All contract assertions passed successfully.');
}
runContract().catch((err) => {
console.error('Contract failed:', err);
process.exit(1);
});